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First published in 1994. This volume includes an examination the regional dynamics of Namibia's decolonization since early 1985 and the author’s interest in southwestern Africa since he witnessed the South African invasion of Angola in 1975/76 as a delegate of the International Committee of the Red Cross. The research was undertaken as part of a post-doctoral project supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. It also includes extensive research in the region, notably in the Frontline states.
South Africa is the dominant force in an area that is of increasing strategic importance to the West, yet few studies address the geopolitical pressures that dictate the course of events there. Analyzing South Africa’s base of power, the authors argue that because South Africa’s relationships with other states in Southern Africa are asymmetrical in nature, the country has substantial economic and political leverage in the region. Control of Southern Africa’s transport infrastructure and the ability to project a conventional or surrogate military presence throughout the region, for example, gives South Africa the power to affect the economic and political stability of virtually all regional states. Asymmetry also characterizes relationships at the global level. Because the West depends upon South Africa for access to the region’s strategic minerals, for the security of the Cape oil route, and for the country’s ability to counterbalance the Soviet presence in Southern Africa, South Africa exercises considerable influence over the African foreign policies of the superpowers. Focusing on the major geopolitical variables affecting South Africa’s ability to sustain power, the authors analyze the economic and geographic factors that contribute to asymmetrical relationships and examine the pluralism that divides South African society. Pretoria’s successful foreign policy, which has created a security corridor of new buffer states, is given particular emphasis. In addition, the authors provide a detailed analysis of South Africa’s minerals-based economy and discuss the implications for regional stability of economic sanctions against South Africa. Finally, they outline a policy framework that takes regional economic, political, and geographic realities into account.
The 1984 "Nkomati Accord"—a bilateral security agreement between South Africa and Mozambique to eliminate guerrilla threats on both sides of a common border—was a milestone in regional confrontation and cooperation. Yet, the real challenge to the white South African regime is not external; it is internal opposition to apartheid. This volume, written by leading African scholars, begins by exploring the origins of racism and nationalism in Southern Africa. The contributors discuss the spread of nationalist movements throughout the region, arguing that South Africa has attempted to resist, divert, or undermine the domino effect by capitalizing on the Nkomati Accord. The authors focus on the legal aspects of the Accord, its impact on the foreign and defense policies of the Front Line States, prospects for regional development and economic integration, and potential outcomes of the national liberation struggles in Southern Africa.