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The Vestibular System is an integrative loo takes an interactive look at the vestibular system and the neurobiology of balance. Written by eight leading experts and headed by Jay M. Goldberg, this book builds upon the classic by Victor Wilson and Geoffrey Melville Jones published over 25 years ago and takes a fresh new look at the vestibular system and the revolutionary advances that have been made in the field.
It has become accepted in the neuroscience community that perception and performance are quintessentially multisensory by nature. Using the full palette of modern brain imaging and neuroscience methods, The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes details current understanding in the neural bases for these phenomena as studied across species, stages of development, and clinical statuses. Organized thematically into nine sub-sections, the book is a collection of contributions by leading scientists in the field. Chapters build generally from basic to applied, allowing readers to ascertain how fundamental science informs the clinical and applied sciences. Topics discussed include: Anatomy, essential for understanding the neural substrates of multisensory processing Neurophysiological bases and how multisensory stimuli can dramatically change the encoding processes for sensory information Combinatorial principles and modeling, focusing on efforts to gain a better mechanistic handle on multisensory operations and their network dynamics Development and plasticity Clinical manifestations and how perception and action are affected by altered sensory experience Attention and spatial representations The last sections of the book focus on naturalistic multisensory processes in three separate contexts: motion signals, multisensory contributions to the perception and generation of communication signals, and how the perception of flavor is generated. The text provides a solid introduction for newcomers and a strong overview of the current state of the field for experts.
This book is concerned with sensory cue integration both within and between sensory modalities, and focuses on the emerging way of thinking about cue combination in terms of uncertainty. These probabilistic approaches derive from the realization that our sensors are noisy and moreover are often affected by ambiguity. For example, mechanoreceptor outputs are variable and they cannot distinguish if a perceived force is caused by the weight of an object or by force we are producing ourselves. The probabilistic approaches elaborated in this book aim at formalizing the uncertainty of cues. They describe cue combination as the nervous system's attempt to minimize uncertainty in its estimates and to choose successful actions. Some computational approaches described in the chapters of this book are concerned with the application of such statistical ideas to real-world cue-combination problems. Others ask how uncertainty may be represented in the nervous system and used for cue combination. Importantly, across behavioral, electrophysiological and theoretical approaches, Bayesian statistics is emerging as a common language in which cue-combination problems can be expressed
This book provides an overview of neural information processing research, which is one of the most important branches of neuroscience today. Neural information processing is an interdisciplinary subject, and the merging interaction between neuroscience and mathematics, physics, as well as information science plays a key role in the development of this field. This book begins with the anatomy of the central nervous system, followed by an introduction to various information processing models at different levels. The authors all have extensive experience in mathematics, physics and biomedical engineering, and have worked in this multidisciplinary area for a number of years. They present classical examples of how the pioneers in this field used theoretical analysis, mathematical modeling and computer simulation to solve neurobiological problems, and share their experiences and lessons learned. The book is intended for researchers and students with a mathematics, physics or informatics background who are interested in brain research and keen to understand the necessary neurobiology and how they can use their specialties to address neurobiological problems. It is also provides inspiration for neuroscience students who are interested in learning how to use mathematics, physics or informatics approaches to solve problems in their field.
Immersive virtual reality technology has been developing extremely dynamically in the last decade. One of the reasons is the impressive progress in 3D graphics and the increasing accessibility of hardware with sufficient computational power to smoothly render high-quality 3D environments. Virtual reality overwhelms the user by replacing the physical world with a computer-generated 3D scenario. Its power lies in embodied, complex, and vivid scenarios rich in context and dynamic engagement of the sensorimotor system, which provokes more naturalistic behavioural and physiological responses than abstract stimuli. Congruent multisensory stimulation builds virtual experience and makes us forget about the real world. Strong presence and embodiment illusions can cause deep cognitive, affective, and behavioural changes, leading to enhanced learning, perspective-taking, and treatments. Some types of sensory input have received much more attention than others. This includes mainly visual and auditory cues, but also, to some extent, nociception and touch. However, the human sensory system is much richer and more complex and includes many other senses, such as smell, and taste, but also thermoception, interoception, equilibrioception, and others. Most VR experiences are built on rich audiovisual cues since these two modalities allow us to perceive the virtual world and interact with it. For example, touch, although extremely important, is often represented in a reductionist form, and other modalities, such as the sense of smell or thermoception, are completely ignored.
This book is concerned with sensory cue integration both within and between sensory modalities, and focuses on the emerging way of thinking about cue combination in terms of uncertainty. These probabilistic approaches derive from the realization that our sensors are noisy and moreover are often affected by ambiguity. For example, mechanoreceptor outputs are variable and they cannot distinguish if a perceived force is caused by the weight of an object or by force we are producing ourselves. The probabilistic approaches elaborated in this book aim at formalizing the uncertainty of cues. They describe cue combination as the nervous system's attempt to minimize uncertainty in its estimates and to choose successful actions. Some computational approaches described in the chapters of this book are concerned with the application of such statistical ideas to real-world cue-combination problems. Others ask how uncertainty may be represented in the nervous system and used for cue combination. Importantly, across behavioral, electrophysiological and theoretical approaches, Bayesian statistics is emerging as a common language in which cue-combination problems can be expressed.
This volume publishes the review articles presented by the invited speakers at the Satellite Meeting to the Barany Society Meeting held in Bologna, Italy during June 1987. The subject matter in this book is divided into seven main sections. The first three present basic neuroanatomical and neurophysiological aspects of vestibulospinal reflexes and document the neck afferent and visual influences on these reflexes. The following sections deal with the control of locomotion, posture, and eye-head-trunk coordination by vestibulospinal signals. The final section provides current knowledge on the processes underlying compensation of vestibulospinal deficits. An overall review precedes each main section so that the reader is informed as to which questions are still controversial and require further investigation. In this way a basis is provided for those needing a current account of the field of vestibulospinal reflexes. Due to the extensive length of the contents, only the number of articles presented per session is listed below.
This thoroughly updated second edition of Manual of Pediatric Balance Disorders remains a vital resource for clinicians and students specializing in pediatric vestibular and balance disorders. The text is organized for effective use in the clinic, classroom, bedside, or laboratory, and is separated into four parts: Basic Mechanisms, Clinical Evaluation, Pediatric Vestibular Disorders, and Treatment. Each chapter ends with Self-Assessment Questions to aid in reader comprehension and address important chapter topics. Manual of Pediatric Balance Disorders features contributions from 45 experts across the fields of otolaryngology, audiology, neurology, and physical therapy, and represents the distillation of years of cumulative clinical and research experience. New to the Second Edition: * New Co-Editor, Jacob R. Brodsky, MD, FACS, FAAP *Five new chapters with the latest research and findings on various testing and topics in pediatric balance disorders o Chapter 7. Video Head Impulse Testing (vHIT) o Chapter 12. New Horizons for the Evaluation of Functional Balance, Self-Motion Perception, Navigation, and Mobility o Chapter 13. Genetics and Metabolism in Pediatric Vestibular Disorders o Chapter 15. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) o Chapter 24. Vertigo, Dizziness and Mental Health * Fully rewritten chapters on migraine and concussion * Updated references and self-assessment questions throughout * Includes videos