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The use of modern simulation tools in the development of new armored vehicles permits shorter development times and a reduction in the number of prototypes. This paper shows the importance of virtual prototypes in the development process. Owing to more stringent protection requirements, the design layout of new vehicle concepts is possible only with the help of a complete vehicle simulation. Modelling techniques and simulation methods are presented by the example of mobility and mine protection analyses.
LAV is entering a Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) to ensure that it will remain a viable weapon platform through 2015. Survivability is one of the main concerns. Requirements stated in vague terms. Cost and weight must be kept to a minimum.
The U.S. Army's Stryker vehicle was in need of a design upgrade on one of its components. A newly designed hydraulic reservoir was tested and analyzed on a component level to gain acceptance to be used in the vehicle. All of this was done using modeling and simulation to conduct a fatigue analysis and component testing without putting any unnecessary miles on the entire vehicle system. This paper will follow the process and successes associated with using modeling and simulation methods to aid in getting this component fielded.
Professional publication of the RD & A community.
Includes papers that were first presented at a September 2011 conference organized by the National Defense Industrial Association and the International Ballistics Society. This title includes a CD-ROM that displays figures and illustrations in articles in full color along with a title screen and main menu screen.
In considering Reduction of Military Vehicle Acquisition Time and Cost through Advanced Modelling and Virtual Product Simulation' practical experience spanning five years of ship and submarine design and build was reviewed to seek quantification of the contribution made to cost reduction. It concluded that advanced modelling and virtual product simulation must be an integral part of the engineering processes to achieve an advantageous contribution to cost. This involves an effective design process and an efficient means of access to the appropriate product data supporting the geometric model/simulation technologies. The application of Advanced Modelling and Virtual Product Simulation technologies is of limited value when used independently without the close association between the geometric models and the associated functional and physical data attributes which describe the requirement and design solution. This notion can also be illustrated in the traditional case of wood or scaled plastic physical mock-ups of ship or submarine layouts where modelled components were tagged' with a label description, or color coded. i.e. orange to represent electrical routes, grey for HVAC and pre-defined color codes for various pipe systems. Thus an advanced virtual model without any access to underlying data attributes is little more that a pretty picture.
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The ultimate goals of the modeling efforts were to verify the capabilities of the design to negotiate obstacles, to provide feedback to the design process, and to assist in the development of control algorithms. Modeling was approached with multiple tools. Initially, a kinematics analysis of the vehicle helped in understanding the motion of the microrobot and provided insights for the modeling efforts. The microrobot was then modeled in both Knowledge Revolution Inc.'s Working Model (registered) 2-D and 3-D engineering simulation programs. Finally, Mechanical Dynamics Inc.'s ADAMS (registered) was used to develop a full engineering model of the microrobot to include control algorithms. To date, the modeling effort has focused on the ability of the microrobot to handle stairs. This was viewed as a crucial and significant challenge that must be addressed if the vehicle is to function in urban warfare. Working Model (registered) proved to be a powerful tool that enabled rapid examination of changes in parameters such as weight, center of gravity, strut lengths, coefficients of friction and restitution, etc. Results from the modeling effort impacted the preliminary design of the wheel and strut mobility mechanism and focused on issues that must be addressed in the final design to facilitate stair climbing. Finally, the modeling proved that the JPL/ARL/ORNL/USC team's microrobot can climb stairs using a primarily static sequence.
A textbook for an advanced undergraduate course in which Zipfel (aerospace engineering, U. of Florida) introduces the fundamentals of an approach to, or step in, design that has become a field in and of itself. The first part assumes an introductory course in dynamics, and the second some specialized knowledge in subsystem technologies. Practicing engineers in the aerospace industry, he suggests, should be able to cover the material without a tutor. Rather than include a disk, he has made supplementary material available on the Internet. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
In order to satisfy customer expectations, a ground vehicle must be designed to meet a broad range of performance requirements. A satisfactory vehicle design process implements a set of requirements reflecting necessary, but perhaps not sufficient conditions for assuring success in a highly competitive market. An optimal architecture-level vehicle design configuration is one of the most important of these requirements. A basic layout that is efficient and flexible permits significant reductions in the time needed to complete the product development cycle, with commensurate reductions in cost. Unfortunately, architecture-level design is the most abstract phase of the design process. The high-level concepts that characterize these designs do not lend themselves to traditional analyses normally used to characterize, assess, and optimize designs later in the development cycle. This research addresses the need for architecture-level design abstractions that can be used to support ground vehicle development. The work begins with a rigorous description of hierarchical function-based abstractions representing not the physical configuration of the elements of a vehicle, but their function within the design space. The hierarchical nature of the abstractions lends itself to object orientation - convenient for software implementation purposes - as well as description of components, assemblies, feature groupings based on non-structural interactions, and eventually, full vehicles. Unlike the traditional early-design abstractions, the completeness of our function-based hierarchical abstractions, including their interactions, allows their use as a starting point for the derivation of analysis models. The scope of the research in this dissertation includes development of meshing algorithms for abstract structural models, a rigid-body analysis engine, and a fatigue analysis module. It is expected that the results obtained in this study will move systematic design and analysis to the earliest phases of the vehicle development process, leading to more highly optimized architectures, and eventually, better ground vehicles. This work shows that architecture level abstractions in many cases are better suited for life cycle support than geometric CAD models. Finally, substituting modeling, simulation, and optimization for intuition and guesswork will do much to mitigate the risk inherent in large projects by minimizing the possibility of incorporating irrevocably compromised architecture elements into a vehicle design that no amount of detail-level reengineering can undo.