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The current study provides comprehensive data on 2021 retail prices of fixed and mobile broadband offers for consumers in the EU27, the United Kingdom, Iceland, Norway, Japan, South Korea and the USA. The five largest Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and the two or three largest Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) in each country were included. Data was collected from ISP and MNO websites within a period of three weeks, from 4th to 24th October 2021. The baskets defined in the study follows the guidelines issued by the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC). The set of baskets cover 5 fixed broadband baskets of different download speeds and 5 mobile broadband baskets (for tablet/modem/data card use) of different download volumes purchased individually (stand-alone), 7 individual mobile handheld baskets with voice telephony and a set of 17 baskets for representative households. To support valid cross-national comparison of retail prices of fixed and mobile broadband offers in each bundle and basket, consistent price normalisation procedures were applied. These take full account of features such as one-off fees, volume limits, discounts, different contract durations and limits for telephony call time and data volumes. Applying the normalised prices in euro in Purchasing Power Parity (€/PPP), the least expensive countries for fixed broadband in the EU in 2021 were Lithuania, Romania, Bulgaria and Latvia. Prices differ considerably between the least and most expensive countries in the EU.
The current study provides comprehensive data on 2020 retail prices of fixed and mobile broadband offers for consumers in the EU27, the UK, Iceland, Norway, Japan, South Korea and the USA. The five largest Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and the two or three largest Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) in each country were included. Data was collected from ISP and MNO websites within a period of three weeks, from 5 th to 25th October 2020. The baskets defined in the study fully conform to the guidelines issued by the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC). The set of baskets cover 5 fixed broadband baskets of different download speeds and 5 mobile broadband baskets (for tablet/modem/data card use) of different download volumes purchased individually (stand-alone), 7 individual mobile handheld baskets with voice telephony and a set of 17 baskets for representative households. To support valid cross-national comparison of retail prices of fixed and mobile broadband offers in each bundle and basket, consistent price normalisation procedures were applied. These take full account of features such as one-off fees, volume limits, discounts, different contract durations and limits for telephony call time and data volumes. Applying the normalised prices in Euro in Purchasing Power Parity (€/PPP), the least expensive countries for fixed broadband in the EU in 2020 were Bulgaria, Latvia, Romania and Lithuania. Prices differ considerably between the least and most expensive countries in the EU.
The current study provides comprehensive data on 2019 retail prices of fixed and mobile broadband offers for consumers in the EU28, Iceland, Norway, Japan, South Korea and the USA. The five largest Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and the two or three largest Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) in each country were included. Data was collected from ISP and MNO websites within a period of three weeks, from 7th to 25th October 2019. The baskets defined in the study fully conform to the guidelines issued by the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC). The set of baskets cover 5 fixed broadband baskets of different download speeds and 5 mobile broadband baskets (for tablet/modem/data card use) of different download volumes purchased individually (stand-alone), 7 individual mobile handheld baskets with voice telephony and a set of 17 baskets for representative households. To support valid cross-national comparison of retail prices of fixed and mobile broadband offers in each bundle and basket, consistent price normalisation procedures were applied. These take full account of features such as one-off fees, volume limits, discounts, different contract durations and limits for telephony call time and data volumes.
Public policies are usually carefully designed to address a particular problem, but they are also shaped and influenced by the sociocultural heritage of a particular country. This volume explores the origins of economic and other public policies in Central and Eastern Europe. This region makes for a particularly interesting case because after going through a major system change – transitioning from a command economy into a market economy – many of the key policies were written anew. The contributors to this book look at key policy areas at the intersection of state and private sectors, including industrial, pension, energy, and competition policies. The chapters examine key questions such as: how did these policies evolve from the time of transition to their final form? What were the main drivers of policy conduct and factors influencing major policy choices? How does the historical context impact contemporary policy space? Throughout the volume, an institutional approach is adopted, according to which policies are perceived as the outcome of top‐down design, filtered through social institutions inherited from the past. With this approach, this book presents a long‐running assessment, over 30 years, of policymaking in transition economies, which were subject to profound changes throughout the period. This book will be of interest to readers in institutional economics, policy studies, transition economies, and the recent history of Eastern Europe.
The current study provides comprehensive data on 2017 retail prices of fixed broadband offers for consumers in the EU28, Iceland, Norway, Japan, South Korea, Canada and the USA. The five largest Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in each country were included. Data was collected from ISP websites between 10th and 24th October 2017. Offers were analysed for Single Play (standalone internet), for Double Play with fixed telephony, Double Play with television services, and for Triple Play. Offers for each of the four bundles were assigned to several download speed baskets ranging from 0.144 Mbps to more than 1Gbps. To support valid cross-national comparison of retail prices of fixed broadband offers in each bundle and basket, consistent price normalisation procedures were applied. These take full account of features such as one-off fees, volume limits, discounts, different contract durations and varying telephony time limits. Applying the normalised prices in Euro, it was found that the least expensive countries for fixed broadband in the EU in 2017 were Romania, Latvia, Hungary and Lithuania. Prices differ considerably between the least and most expensive countries in the EU.
The current study provides comprehensive data on 2016 retail prices of fixed broadband offers for consumers in the EU28, Iceland, Norway, Japan, South Korea, Canada and the USA. The five largest Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in each country were included. Data was collected from ISP websites between 10th and 24th October 2016. Offers were analysed for Single Play (standalone internet), for Double Play with fixed telephony, Double Play with television services, and for Triple Play. Offers for each of the four bundles were assigned to several download speed baskets ranging from 0.144 Mbps to more than 100 Mbps. To support valid cross-national comparison of retail prices of fixed broadband offers in each bundle and basket, consistent price normalisation procedures were applied. These take full account of features such as one-off fees, volume limits, discounts, different contract durations and varying telephony time limits. Applying the normalised prices in Euro, it was found that the least expensive countries for fixed broadband in the EU in 2016 were Lithuania, Sweden, Latvia, Romania and Finland. Prices differ considerably between the least and most expensive countries in the EU.
As in most OECD countries, the pandemic triggered a deep recession in Portugal and put huge pressure on the healthcare system. The policy response helped to weather the shock and the recovery has gained speed, sustained by progress in vaccination.
Belgium’s recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic has been robust thanks to extensive policy support. However, the new shock from the war in Ukraine is exacerbating inflation, and supply and labour market shortages, highlighting the importance of boosting the resilience of the Belgian economy.
The current study provides comprehensive data on 2017 retail prices of mobile broadband offers for consumers in the EU28, Iceland, Norway, Turkey, Japan, South Korea, and the USA. The two or three largest Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) in each country were included. Data was collected from ISP websites in February 2017 for offers including telephony and in July 2017 for data-only offers. Offers were analysed to determine the least expensive offer in each country for each of the standard mobile internet usage baskets defined by the OECD. To support valid cross-national comparison of retail prices of mobile broadband offers in respect of a usage basket, consistent price normalisation procedures were applied. These take full account of contractual features affecting usage costs such as one-off fees, discounts, contract duration, and limits for telephony call time, numbers of SMS, and data volumes. Applying the normalised prices in Euro, it was found that the least expensive countries for mobile broadband in the EU in 2017 were Poland, Austria, Italy, Lithuania, and Latvia. Prices differ considerably between the least and most expensive countries in the EU. The most expensive countries are Greece, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, and Hungary. With the exception of prices in one usage basket, prices for broadband mobile internet usage in Europe have fallen significantly since 2016. Comparison of EU28 prices with prices in selected non-EU countries (Iceland, Norway, Turkey, Japan, South Korea, and the USA) in 2017 showed that, on average, mobile broadband in the EU28 is about as expensive as or more expensive than in the non-European countries for most of the OECD usage baskets.
The current study provides comprehensive data on 2016 retail prices of fixed broadband offers for consumers in the EU28, Iceland, Norway, Japan, South Korea, Canada and the USA. The five largest Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in each country were included. Data was collected from ISP websites between 10th and 24th October 2016. Offers were analysed for Single Play (standalone internet), for Double Play with fixed telephony, Double Play with television services, and for Triple Play. Offers for each of the four bundles were assigned to several download speed baskets ranging from 0.144 Mbps to more than 100 Mbps. To support valid cross-national comparison of retail prices of fixed broadband offers in each bundle and basket, consistent price normalisation procedures were applied. These take full account of features such as one-off fees, volume limits, discounts, different contract durations and varying telephony time limits. Applying the normalised prices in Euro, it was found that the least expensive countries for fixed broadband in the EU in 2016 were Lithuania, Sweden, Latvia, Romania and Finland. Prices differ considerably between the least and most expensive countries in the EU.