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During the second half of the twentieth century, Major League Baseball and its affiliated minor leagues evolved from local and regional entities governing the play of America's favorite pastime to national business organizations. The relocation of teams, league expansion, the advent of free agency and an influx of international players has made baseball big business, on an increasingly global scale. Focusing on the last fifty years, this work examines the past and present commercial elements of organized baseball, emphasizing the dual roles--competitive sport and profitable business--which the sport must now fulfill. Twenty-five essays cover five areas integral to the economic side of baseball: business and finance, human resources, international relations, management and leadership and sports marketing. Detailed discussions of the redistribution of revenues, the history of player unionization, aggressive global marketing, strategies of franchise owners and an evaluation of fan costs, among other topics introduce the reader to the important issues and specific challenges professional baseball faces in an increasingly crowded--yet geographically expansive--sports marketplace. The work is also indexed.
The Baseball Research Journal is the flagship research publication of the Society for American Baseball Research. Founded in 1971, SABR now has over 6,000 members investigating every aspect of the sport, from statistical analysis to biographical research, to psychology, economics, physics, biomechanics, game theory, and more. In this issue: Leaving a Mark on the Game Allan Roth by Andy McCue The Creation of the Alexander Cartwright Myth by Richard Hershberger Stolen Bases and Caught Stealing by Catchers: Updating Total Player Rating by Pete Palmer New York Connections McGraw’s Streak by Max Blue Clyde Sukeforth: The Dodgers’ Yankee and Branch Rickey’s Maine Man by Karl Lindholm Identifying Undated Ticket Stubs: An Attempt to Recapture Baseball History by Dr. James Reese Outside the Majors “Many Exciting Chases After the Ball”: Nineteenth Century Base Ball in Bismarck, Dakota Territory by Terry Bohn The Great 1952 Florida International League Pennant Race by Sam Zygner and Steve Smith Aquino Abreu: Baseball’s Other Double No-Hit Pitcher by Peter C. Bjarkman Defiance College’s Historic 1961 Postseason by Roger J. Hawks Analytical Looks at the Game We Love The Twisting Model and Ted Williams’s Science of Hitting by Takeyuki Inohiza The Best Shortened-Season Hitting Performance in Major League History by David Nemec Was There a Seven Way Game? Seven Ways of Reaching First Base by Paul Hertz The Three, or Was it Two, .400 Hitters of 1922 by Brian Marshall What Do Your Fans Want?: Attendance Correlations with Performance, Ticket Prices, and Payroll Factors by Ben Langhorst Do Fans Prefer Homegrown Players? An Analysis of MLB Attendance, 1976–2012 by Russell Ormiston 2014 Chadwick Honorees Mark Armour by Rob Neyer Ernie Lanigan by Lyle Spatz Marc Okkonen by Dan Levitt Cory Schwartz by Christina Kahrl John C. Tattersall by John Thorn
This book analyzes and highlights the development and success of major league baseball teams in the National League and the American League, focusing on each team’s performance in seasons and postseasons and to what extent each succeeded as a business enterprise despite competition for market share from other types of entertainment. The book discusses historical and financial information about the 30 major league franchises. Each chapter contains two core themes—Team Performances and Franchise Business. The former highlights which and how teams won division and league championships and World Series while the latter lists and compares financial data including their revenue, gate receipts, and operating income and describes interesting business topics. Each chapter also provides an overview of when each franchise organized and why it joined MLB, a brief profile of its current majority owner or ownership group, records of teams’ special coaches and players, attendances at home games, and how their ballparks rank as a venue for fans. Baseball Business explains why particular teams located in large, midsized, or small markets win more games and titles than others and when and how frequently that occurs. Furthermore, it provides ways to compare franchises’ financial success individually, by division, and by league. By linking and comparing the historical performances of MLB teams to financial information about them as business organizations, this book offers a unique contribution to the literature on the sports industry.
How did the professional baseball, basketball, football, and hockey leagues become the most successful sports organizations in the United States? Jozsa investigates the major leagues' histories with unparalleled depth and rigorous economic analysis. He marshals relevant data, facts, statistics that measure the performance of professional sports teams and players, the strategies of franchise owners, and the loyalties of fans. Delineating the development, maturation, and revitalization of the leagues throughout the 20th century, he highlights significant events and reforms of the era and discusses the future of sports leagues in the marketplace. Sports fanatics, casual fans, professional coaches and players, journalists, economists, administrators, and owners will discover a goldmine of information in this unique volume. Readers will learn about key owners, investors, coaches, managers, and players of teams that won divisions, conference titles, and league championships from the 1950s through the 1990s. The book includes information on attendance, operating incomes, payrolls, win-loss percentages, and the estimated market value of individual teams. Specific franchise owners are noted for their wealth and success factors. The author also predicts that league commissioners, franchise owners, local business and community leaders, and government officials will be forced to bargain in good faith and compromise on the question of whether to use taxpayer money to invest in sports facilities.
This brief analyzes each of the Major League Baseball (MLB) franchises in the American League, their past regular-season and postseason records and financial performances while operating as competitive, popular, and profitable or unprofitable enterprises. Using sport-specific information and relevant demographic, economic, and financial data, this brief will highlight when and how well these MLB teams performed and the financial status and significance of their organization as a member of an elite professional baseball league. The brief also investigates the success of teams in terms of wins and losses based on home attendance at their ballparks, market value, and revenue. Furthermore, it compares the history, productivity, and prosperity of the franchises among rivals in their division like the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees in the American League East Division, Chicago White Sox and Detroit Tigers in the Central Division, and Oakland Athletics and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in the West Division. This brief will be of interest to practitioners and scholars who research the sports industry, college and university professors who teach undergraduate and graduate students majoring in sports administration, business, economics and management, and fans of the sport.
This book analyzes how sportswriters have discussed issues of race, ethnicity, nationality, sexual identity, age and class within professional baseball from 1998 to the present. Each chapter looks at the media representations of a specific controversy--the 1998 home-run chase, Alex Rodriguez's historic contract signing, Barry Bonds' home runs, Mike Piazza's "I am not gay" press conference, Effa Manley's Hall of Fame induction, the celebration of Jackie Robinson's legacy, as well as the various incidents involving performance-enhancing drugs. The author puts it together and reveals what messages are being conveyed by the issues.
The book focuses on how, when, where and why the US-based professional sports leagues extend their brands and penetrate markets in nations across the globe. The book examines the strategies, progress and expectations of each league despite the cultural, economic and political barriers that exist between and within countries and areas. It offers a model of the sports business and, where appropriate, the emergence, evolution and growth of prominent women's sports leagues are documented. This book is unique as there are no other academic publications that study and report the global ambitions of this special group of organizations in one volume. Readers such as college and university sports history, management, marketing and international business professors, students and researchers can use and apply the book, as either a teaching supplement, reference and/or literature source. It will also appeal to targeted groups beyond the academic community with strategic economic incentives to learn about sports capitalism, such as sports entrepreneurs and league officials.
A narrative of the first Red Sox season at Fenway Park, this book for fans coincides with the 100-year anniversary of the park.