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«Los símbolos de fertilidad, abundancia y poder que distinguen a la serpiente emplumada entre los olmecas, mayas y teotihuacanos perduraron en los reinos y culturas posteriores.» Este libro es un recorrido por los cimientos de la identidad de los pueblos mesoamericanos: los mitos fundadores, las divinidades que crearon y ordenaron el mundo, los ritos y la forma de organizar el tiempo, y, finalmente, los héroes legendarios. Es un recorrido, pues, por la memoria sagrada del México antiguo. Así como ocurre en los relatos de otras civilizaciones ancestrales, la creación del universo en los mitos mayas, mixtecos y nahuas comienza con un prólogo en el cielo: divinidades etéreas e inmortales hacen el mundo y a los seres humanos desde alturas remotas. Pero una vez cumplida esta misión primordial, los dioses creadores dejan su lugar a divinidadesque tienen una relación más directa con las necesidades humanas. Es el caso de dos mitos fundamentales para el México prehispánico: el dios del maíz y la serpiente emplumada. El primero, además de representar el triunfo de la vida sobre la muerte, resume las virtudes de un pueblo campesino. La serpiente emplumada, por su parte, es símbolo de fertilidad, pero también de poder y realeza. Finalmente,el libro rastrea la huella histórica de algunos héroes de carne hueso: Ce Ácatl Topiltzin Quetzalcóatl, fundador y gobernante de Tula, y 8 Venado, guerrero notable que unificara toda la Mixteca. Esta obra resume el interés de toda una vida por el México prehispánico. Es ya un libro clave para entender la identidad del México antiguo y para explicar cómo la memoria ancestral cambia y se renueva en el presente.
"Innovative study, drawing on extensive ethnohistorical and ethnographical materials, of the mythology of the Toltecs and the Aztecs, with broader Mesoamerican comparisons, including the Popol Vuh of the Quichâe Maya. Finds recurring themes in origin stories of light and darkness, sacrifice, expulsion and wanderings, and arrival in a Promised Land. Analysis includes considerations of myth vs. history"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58.
Departing from the political economy perspective taken by the vast majority of volumes devoted to Mesoamerican obsidian, Obsidian Reflections is an examination of obsidian's sociocultural dimensions—particularly in regard to Mesoamerican world view, religion, and belief systems. Exploring the materiality of this volcanic glass rather than only its functionality, this book considers the interplay among people, obsidian, and meaning and how these relationships shaped patterns of procurement, exchange, and use. An international group of scholars hailing from Belize, France, Japan, Mexico, and the United States provides a variety of case studies from Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. The authors draw on archaeological, iconographic, ethnographic, and ethnohistoric data to examine obsidian as a touchstone for cultural meaning, including references to sacrificial precepts, powerful deities, landscape, warfare, social relations, and fertility. Obsidian Reflections underscores the necessity of understanding obsidian from within its cultural context—the perspective of the indigenous people of Mesoamerica. It will be of great interest to Mesoamericanists as well as students and scholars of lithic studies and material culture.
In Aztec Philosophy, James Maffie shows the Aztecs advanced a highly sophisticated and internally coherent systematic philosophy worthy of consideration alongside other philosophies from around the world. Bringing together the fields of comparative world philosophy and Mesoamerican studies, Maffie excavates the distinctly philosophical aspects of Aztec thought. Aztec Philosophy focuses on the ways Aztec metaphysics—the Aztecs’ understanding of the nature, structure and constitution of reality—underpinned Aztec thinking about wisdom, ethics, politics,\ and aesthetics, and served as a backdrop for Aztec religious practices as well as everyday activities such as weaving, farming, and warfare. Aztec metaphysicians conceived reality and cosmos as a grand, ongoing process of weaving—theirs was a world in motion. Drawing upon linguistic, ethnohistorical, archaeological, historical, and contemporary ethnographic evidence, Maffie argues that Aztec metaphysics maintained a processive, transformational, and non-hierarchical view of reality, time, and existence along with a pantheistic theology. Aztec Philosophy will be of great interest to Mesoamericanists, philosophers, religionists, folklorists, and Latin Americanists as well as students of indigenous philosophy, religion, and art of the Americas.
"Las narraciones que presenta Oldrich Kaspar en este hermoso libro, fueron extraídas de diversos códices pertenecientes a las culturas Azteca, Maya, Tolteca, etc., y adaptadas por Ludmila Holkova para transmitir a los pequeños y jóvenes lectores la visión de nuestros ancestros indígenas sobre la creación del Universo y de la humanidad: el Sol, la Luna, las estrellas, los hombres y cómo éstos se dispersaron sobre la faz de la tierra. Estos relatos tradicionales son de una belleza y contenido excepcionales, por lo que cautivan la imaginación de quien los lee y lo motivan a profundizar en el conocimiento de la historia del México antiguo. Cabe destacar los cuentos en los que intervienen animales, porque reflejan experiencias de la vida cotidiana de las personas y ofrecen valiosas enseñanzas para vivir mejor" -- Page [4] of cover.
2023 — Best Subsequent Book — Native American and Indigenous Studies Association 2023 — Honorable Mention, Best Book in the Social Sciences — Latin American Studies Association, Mexico Section 2022 — Marysa Navarro Best Book Prize — New England Council of Latin American Studies 2023 — Honorable Mention, LASA Mexico Social Sciences Book Prize — Mexico Section, Latin American Studies Association (LASA) As the first exhaustive translation and analysis of an extraordinary Zapotec calendar and ritual song corpus, seized in New Spain in 1704, this book expands our understanding of Mesoamerican history, cosmology, and culture. In 1702, after the brutal suppression of a Zapotec revolt, the bishop of Oaxaca proclaimed an amnesty for idolatry in exchange for collective confessions. To evade conflict, Northern Zapotec communities denounced ritual specialists and surrendered sacred songs and 102 divinatory manuals, which preserve cosmological accounts, exchanges with divine beings, and protocols of pre-Columbian origin that strongly resemble sections of the Codex Borgia. These texts were sent to Spain as evidence of failed Dominican evangelization efforts, and there they remained, in oblivion, until the 1960s. In this book, David Tavárez dives deep into this formidable archive of ritual and divinatory manuals, the largest calendar corpus in the colonial Americas, and emerges with a rich understanding of Indigenous social and cultural history, Mesoamerican theories of cosmos and time, and Zapotec ancestor worship. Drawing on his knowledge of Zapotec and Nahuatl, two decades of archival research, and a decade of fieldwork, Tavárez dissects Mesoamerican calendars as well as Native resistance and accommodation to the colonial conquest of time, while also addressing entangled transatlantic histories and shining new light on texts still connected to contemporary observances in Zapotec communities.
This book contains papers in English and papers in Spanish.