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A critical discussion and interpretation of principles of leadership and management with particular reference to the problems of AC+W sites in Alaska is presented, which is based on a review of scientific research in the fields of psychology, sociology and management science, primarily. The major topics covered include relations of management and leadership, group-centered vs. production-centered management, organizational relations, organizational control, and leadership in formal organizations. Selected references are cited and reference is made to an annotated bibliography contraining abstracts of significant studies: AAL Reports 61-18 to 61-24, incl. (Author).
The principles of group development, formation of group structure, and functioning of informal, natural groups as a background and context for the study of the behavior of formal organizations are reviewed. It is the first of five literature reviews of scientific investigations of group behavior, isolation, and stress, focused on the problems of organization, management, supervision, and human relations at AC+W sites in the Alaskan Air Command. Emphasis is placed here on the basic processes of group formation, development of group structure, social power (and leadership), communication of information, and group norms as regulators of behavior. Implications for military commanders are discussed from the view-point that the military commander, at every level, is an appointed leader who must exploit principles of human behavior effectively in order fully to realize his role and accomplish his mission.
The second of five reviews of psychological and sociological literature bearing on group behavior problems of AC+W sites in Alaska is presented. Fourteen basic dimensions of groups, described by Hemphill, are discussed in terms of their effects on group behavior, with particular reference to AC+W site problems. The results of a factor aANALYSIS, BASED ON 100 CIVILIAN ORGANIZATIONS, WHICH ARRAYS THE 14 DIMENSIONS ACCORDING TO THREE FACTORS - BEHAVIOR REGULATION APPEARING AS SOCIAL STRUCTURE, EFFECTIVE GROUP EFFORT, AND PRIMARY PERSONAL INTERACTION - ARE PRESENTED AND INTERPRETED. (Author).