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North American Agroforestry Explore the many benefits of alternative land-use systems with this incisive resource Humanity has become a victim of its own success. While we’ve managed to meet the needs—to one extent or another—of a large portion of the human population, we’ve often done so by ignoring the health of the natural environment we rely on to sustain our planet. And by deteriorating the quality of our air, water, and land, we’ve put into motion consequences we’ll be dealing with for generations. In the newly revised Third Edition of North American Agroforestry, an expert team of researchers delivers an authoritative and insightful exploration of an alternative land-use system that exploits the positive interactions between trees and crops when they are grown together and bridges the gap between production agriculture and natural resource management. This latest edition includes new material on urban food forests, as well as the air and soil quality benefits of agroforestry, agroforestry’s relevance in the Mexican context, and agroforestry training and education. The book also offers: A thorough introduction to the development of agroforestry as an integrated land use management strategy Comprehensive explorations of agroforestry nomenclature, concepts, and practices, as well as an agroecological foundation for temperate agroforestry Practical discussions of tree-crop interactions in temperate agroforestry, including in systems such as windbreak practices, silvopasture practices, and alley cropping practices In-depth examinations of vegetative environmental buffers for air and water quality benefits, agroforestry for wildlife habitat, agroforestry at the landscape level, and the impact of agroforestry on soil health Perfect for environmental scientists, natural resource professionals and ecologists, North American Agroforestry will also earn a place in the libraries of students and scholars of agricultural sciences interested in the potential benefits of agroforestry.
Weather and climate is a natural resource which is considered as a basic input in agricultural planning. It affects all the agricultural activities directly or indirectly. Agrometeorology is primarily concerned with the interactions among meteorological, hydrological and pedological factors that influence production systems in agriculture and allied sectors like horticulture, animal husbandry, fishery, forestry, etc. Thus the role of an agrometeorologist is to define all these interactions, to correlate physical environments with biological responses and apply the relevant meteorological skills to help farmers for exploiting weather conditions and improve agricultural production both in quality and quantity. In this backdrop, agrometeorology has been recommended as a core subject in the curriculum of B. Sc. (Agriculture), B. Sc. (Horticulture) and B. Sc. (Forestry) courses of the agricultural universities. Keeping this in view, this book has been written for the undergraduate students. The common people, who watch weather phenomenon and take an interest in it, would also find it worth reading. This book is primarily based on the syllabus of the course ‘Agricultural Meteorology’ meant for under graduate students of agriculture, horticulture and forestry. This book has been divided into twenty three chapters covering all aspects of agrometeorology. Concepts, definition, importance and scope, history and future needs of agrometeorology are described in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 details the basic information of atmosphere. Chapter 3 to chapter 13 include the weather parameters like radiation, temperature, humidity, evaporation, fog and dew, pressure, wind, clouds, monsoon and precipitation and their importance in agriculture. Applied aspects of meteorology like climatic hazards, agroclimatic classification, micrometeorology of crops, weather in relation to crop pests and diseases, weather in relation to animal production, climate change, weather forecasting, remote sensing and crop simulation modelling are discussed in Chapter 14 to chapter 22. Chapter 23 describes the features of an agrometeorological observatory.
Machine derived contents note: 1 Standard Meteorological Measurements 1 -- K.G. Hubbard and S.E. Hollinger -- 2 Humidity 31 -- John M. Baker -- 3 Shortwave Radiation 43 -- Steve Klassen and Bruce Bugbee -- 4 Net and Thermal Radiation Estimation and Measurement 59 -- Gaylon S. Campbell and George R. Diak -- 5 Leaf Radiative Properties and the Leaf Energy Budget 93 -- T.J. Arkebauer -- 6 Soil Temperature 105 -- Michael D. Novak -- 7 Soil Heat Flux 131 -- Thomas J. Sauer and Robert Horton -- 8 Frost Depth 155 -- Brenton S. Sharratt and Donald K. McCool -- 9 Determination of Leaf Area Index in Agricultural Systems 179 -- I.B. Strachan, D.W. Stewart, and E. Pattey -- 10 Estimating Surface Wetness on Plants 199 -- R.D. Magarey, R.C. Seem, A. Weiss, T. Gillespie, and L. Huber -- 11 Sampling For PM10 and PM2.5 Particulates 227 -- R.L. Pfeiffer -- 12 Measurement of Soil Respiration in situ: Chamber Techniques 247 -- Philippe Rochette and Gordon L. Hutchinson -- 13 Measuring Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere 287 -- Jon M. Welles and Dayle K. McDermitt -- 14 Trace Gas Concentration Measurements -- for Micrometeorological Flux Quantification 321 -- C. Wagner-Riddle, G.W. Thurtell, and G.C. Edwards -- 15 Ammonia: Measurement Issues 345 -- Lowry A. Harper -- 16 Current Micrometeorological Flux Methodologies -- with Applications in Agriculture 381 -- Tilden P. Meyers and Dennis D. Baldocchi -- 17 Bowen Ratio Energy Balance Method 397 -- Leo J. Fritschen and Charles L. Fritschen -- 18 Aerodynamic Methods for Estimating Turbulent Fluxes 407 -- John H. Prueger and William P. Kustas -- 19 Relaxed Eddy Accumulation. 437 -- Kevin J. Mclnnes and James L. Heilman -- 20 Surface Renewal Estimates of Scalar Exchange 455 -- Kyaw Tha Paw U, Richard L. Snyder, Donatella Spano, -- and Hong-Bing Su -- 21 Inverse Lagrangian Analysis of Heat, Vapor, and Gas Exchange -- in Plant Canopies 485 -- O.T. Denmead, M.R. Raupach, R. Leuning, FX. Dunin, -- and J.R. Freney -- 22 Estimating Tracer Emissions with a Backward Lagrangian -- Stochastic Technique 513 -- Thomas K. Flesch and John D. Wilson -- 23 Useful Equations in Micrometeorology 533 -- Jay M. Ham.
Can we unlock resilience to climate stress by better understanding linkages between the environment and biological systems? Agroclimatology allows us to explore how different processes determine plant response to climate and how climate drives the distribution of crops and their productivity. Editors Jerry L. Hatfield, Mannava V.K. Sivakumar, and John H. Prueger have taken a comprehensive view of agroclimatology to assist and challenge researchers in this important area of study. Major themes include: principles of energy exchange and climatology, understanding climate change and agriculture, linkages of specific biological systems to climatology, the context of pests and diseases, methods of agroclimatology, and the application of agroclimatic principles to problem-solving in agriculture.
Thoroughly revised and up-dated edition of a highly successful textbook.
Systems Analysis and Modeling in Food and Agriculture is a component of Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Systems analysis and modeling is being used increasingly in understanding and solving problems in food and agriculture. The purpose of systems analysis is to support decisions by emphasizing the interactions of processes and components within a system. Frequently investigated systems level questions in agriculture and food are relevant to the 6 E's: Environment, Energy, Ecology, Economics, Education, and Efficiency. The theme on Systems Analysis and Modeling in Food and Agriculture with contributions from distinguished experts in the field provides information on key topics related to food and agricultural system. The coverage include an overview of food system; system level aspects related to energy, environment, and social/policy issues; knowledge bases and decision support; computer models for crops, food processing, water resources, and agricultural meteorology; collection and analysis methods for data from field experiments; use of models and information systems. This volume is aimed at the following a wide spectrum of audiences from the merely curious to those seeking in-depth knowledge: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.
Why model? Agricultural system models enhance and extend field research...to synthesize and examine experiment data and advance our knowledge faster, to extend current research in time to predict best management systems, and to prepare for climate-change effects on agriculture. The relevance of such models depends on their implementation. Methods of Introducing System Models into Agricultural Research is the ultimate handbook for field scientists and other model users in the proper methods of model use. Readers will learn parameter estimation, calibration, validation, and extension of experimental results to other weather conditions, soils, and climates. The proper methods are the key to realizing the great potential benefits of modeling an agricultural system. Experts cover the major models, with the synthesis of knowledge that is the hallmark of the Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling series.
Radiation in plants canopies; Energy and mass balances; Turbulence and wind; Programming aspects; Results.