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By introducing the superspace formalism, the methods of structure analysis of incommensurate structures have achieved in the past few years a full maturity. The superspace description is also becoming in the field of quasicrystals the main tool to approach a systematic method of structure determination of these materials. According to the program of the Workshop, these proceedings are an introduction to the formalism and practice of structure determination of modulated structures (incommensurate and commensurate) and quasiperiodic systems, mainly under the unifying framework of the superspace description. Accordingly, a large set of tutorial introductory chapters written by well-known specialists are included. The main refinement programs available for incommensurate structures are presented by their authors. The book also contains the most recent contributions from more than thirty of the participants in the Workshop, focusing on the problem of the structure analysis of these typical materials by means of diffraction methods.
This book is aimed at researchers who are working in a field of quasicrystals to provide a reference to recent developments and ideas in the field and also at graduate students, who intend to study quasicrystals, to provide introduction of ideas. Topics in this book cover an entire field of quasicrystals, both experimental and theoretical, including new developments: the state of the art in quasicrystallography, new families of quasicrystals, phasons in aperiodic solids, ab initio studies on stability mechanism, quantum transport phenomena, elastic/plastic properties and surface of quasicrystals.· Comprehensive reviews by experts in the field· Complete reference of original papers and new topics · Intelligible introduction of quasicrystals by experts
For many years it was believed that translational symmetry would be the fundamental property of crystal structures of natural and synthetic compounds. It is now recognised that many compounds crystallise without translational symmetry of their atomic structures. "Incommensurate Crystallography" gives a comprehensive account of the superspace theory for the description of crystal structures and symmetries of these incommensurately modulated crystals and incommensurate composite crystals. It thus provides the necessary background for quantitative analysis of incommensurate crystals by methods in Solid State Chemistry and Solid State Physics. The second half of "Incommensurate Crystallography" is devoted to crystallographic methods of structural analysis of incommensurate compounds. Thorough accounts are given of the diffraction by incommensurate crystals, the choice of parameters in structure refinements, and the use of superspace in analysing crystal structures. The presentation of methods of structure determination includes modern methods like the Maximum Entropy Method and Charge Flipping.
In 1984 physicists discovered a monster in the world of crystallography, a structure that appeared to contain five-fold symmetry axes, which cannot exist in strictly periodic structures. Such quasi-periodic structures became known as quasicrystals. A previously formulated theory in terms of higher dimensional space groups was applied to them and new alloy phases were prepared which exhibited the properties expected from this model more closely. Thus many of the early controversies were dissolved. In 2011, the Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded to Dan Shechtman for the discovery of quasicrystals. This primer provides a descriptive approach to the subject for those coming to it for the first time. The various practical, experimental, and theoretical topics are dealt with in an accessible style. The book is completed by problem sets and there is a computer program that generates a Penrose lattice.
From tilings to quasicrystal structures and from surfaces to the n-dimensional approach, this book gives a full, self-contained in-depth description of the crystallography of quasicrystals. It aims not only at conveying the concepts and a precise picture of the structures of quasicrystals, but it also enables the interested reader to enter the field of quasicrystal structure analysis. Going beyond metallic quasicrystals, it also describes the new, dynamically growing field of photonic quasicrystals. The readership will be graduate students and researchers in crystallography, solid-state physics, materials science, solid- state chemistry and applied mathematics.
This book deals with various aspects of aperiodic crystals, quasicrystals, incommensurate crystals, composite crystals, modulated crystals and polytypes. It is mainly oriented towards crystallographic investigations and to the search for new theoretical and methodological methods aiming to model this state of matter and to understand the links between the structure and the properties. Basically multidisciplinary, the book covers many fields of aperiodic crystals, from materials science to mathematics.
These proceedings cover topics related to Quasicrystals, including tiling descriptions, high dimensional crystallography, structure studies, metallurgy and phase diagrams, and also properties with special emphasis on dynamics, electronic and mechanical behaviour. For the first time, materials made of metals only that behave as insulators are presented. For the first time also application focused research and processing of Quasicrystalline materials are addressed.Invited speakers: J Friedel, D Shechtman, M Baake, D Basov, C Berger, M de Boissieu, T Fujiwara, S Khanna, Y Meyer, S J Poon, C Sire, H Trebin, A P Tsai, M Widdom, M Wollgarten, Z Zhang.