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Although less common than α-amino acids, non-α-amino acids—where the amino group is not on the carbon immediately adjacent to the carboxyl group but is attached to another carbon in the chain (for example, the β, γ, δ carbon)—are components of biologically important molecules, are significant in the pharmaceutical industry, and are useful starting materials for many areas of organic chemistry. Since the publication of the first edition of this book nearly 20 years ago, synthetic work devoted to the preparation of non- α-amino acids has expanded greatly. Methods of Non-α-Amino Acid Synthesis, Second Edition has been extensively rewritten and reorganized, providing an up-to-date review of strategies and methods for non-α-amino acid synthesis, particularly those amino acids that are key synthetic intermediates or important compounds in their own right. It focuses on acyclic amino acids of C3–C10, but also aminoalkanoic carboxylic acids, aminoalkenoic acids, and aminoalkynoic acids. The new edition contains many updated references and has a greater emphasis on the biological importance of non-α-amino acids. In addition to an array of synthetic methods, the book offers discussions on why non-α-amino acids are important. The book covers synthetic methods that rely on substituent refunctionalization, the conversion of cyclic precursors to acyclic amino acids, conjugate addition reactions, and enolate anion reactions and condensation reactions that lead to non-α-amino acids. It also examines reactions and strategies that lead to good diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity during synthesis. A chapter devoted to biologically important amino acids includes separate sections on GABA, GABOB, carnitine, DAVA, statine, and other significant amino acids as well as a new section on peptides and proteins that contain non-α-amino acids. The final chapter addresses aminocyclic and heterocyclic amino acids.
Expert biochemist N.V. Bhagavan's new work condenses his successful Medical Biochemistry texts along with numerous case studies, to act as an extensive review and reference guide for both students and experts alike. The research-driven content includes four-color illustrations throughout to develop an understanding of the events and processes that are occurring at both the molecular and macrolecular levels of physiologic regulation, clinical effects, and interactions. Using thorough introductions, end of chapter reviews, fact-filled tables, and related multiple-choice questions, Bhagavan provides the reader with the most condensed yet detailed biochemistry overview available. More than a quick survey, this comprehensive text includes USMLE sample exams from Bhagavan himself, a previous coauthor. - Clinical focus emphasizing relevant physiologic and pathophysiologic biochemical concepts - Interactive multiple-choice questions to prep for USMLE exams - Clinical case studies for understanding basic science, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases - Instructional overview figures, flowcharts, and tables to enhance understanding
This guide covers classes of natural products in medicine, whether derived from plants, micro-organisms or animals. Structured according to biosynthetic pathway, it is written from a chemistry-based approach.
The rapid advances in recombinant DNA technology and the increasing availability of peptides and proteins with therapeutic potential are a challenge for pharmaceutical scientists who have to formulate these compounds as drug products. Pharmaceutical Formulation Development of Peptides and Proteins, Second Edition discusses the development of therapeutic peptides and proteins, from the production of active compounds via basic pre-formulation and formulation to the registration of the final product. Providing integrated solutions, this book discusses: The synthesis of peptides and the biotechnological production of proteins through recombinant DNA technology The physicochemical characteristics and stability of peptides and proteins The formulation of proteins as suspensions, solutions, and (mostly freeze-dried) solids The opportunities and challenges of non-parenteral delivery of peptides and proteins Risk factors, specifically the development of an unwanted immune response A simulation approach to describe the fate of peptides and proteins upon administration to a biological system The documentation required to register a protein-based drug Scientists in the pharmaceutical industry and academia as well as postgraduate students in pharmaceutical science will find this a valuable resource.
It is a commonly held belief that athletes, particularly body builders, have greater requirements for dietary protein than sedentary individuals. However, the evidence in support of this contention is controversial. This book is the latest in a series of publications designed to inform both civilian and military scientists and personnel about issues related to nutrition and military service. Among the many other stressors they experience, soldiers face unique nutritional demands during combat. Of particular concern is the role that dietary protein might play in controlling muscle mass and strength, response to injury and infection, and cognitive performance. The first part of the book contains the committee's summary of the workshop, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The remainder of the book contains papers contributed by speakers at the workshop on such topics as, the effects of aging and hormones on regulation of muscle mass and function, alterations in protein metabolism due to the stress of injury or infection, the role of individual amino acids, the components of proteins, as neurotransmitters, hormones, and modulators of various physiological processes, and the efficacy and safety considerations associated with dietary supplements aimed at enhancing performance.
Nutrient Metabolism defines the molecular fate of nutrients and other dietary compounds in humans, as well as outlining the molecular basis of processes supporting nutrition, such as chemical sensing and appetite control. It focuses on the presentation of nutritional biochemistry; and the reader is given a clear and specific perspective on the events that control utilization of dietary compounds. Slightly over 100 self-contained chapters cover all essential and important nutrients as well as many other dietary compounds with relevance for human health. An essential read for healthcare professionals and researchers in all areas of health and nutrition who want to access the wealth of nutrition knowledge available today in one single source.Key Features* Highly illustrated with relevant chemical structures and metabolic pathways* Foreword by Steven Zeisel, Editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry* First comprehensive work on the subject
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins comprises a comprehensive and critical review of significant developments at the biology and chemistry interface. Compiled by leading researchers in their subject, this volume incorporates current trends and emerging areas in topics such as magnetic resonance studies of membrane active peptides, proteins and peptides for the diagnosis and therapy of Leishmania donovani parasite infections and advances in the design of ligands interacting with proteases causing infectious respiratory syndrome. Appealing broadly to researchers in academia and industry, it will be of great benefit to any researcher wanting a succinct reference on developments in this area now and looking to the future.
Principles of Peptide Synthesis is a very successful book by one of the pioneers of contemporary bioorganic synthesis. Its first edition proved a valuable source that is kept close to the work bench for frequent consulting. Any researcher planning the formation of the peptide bond, be it for the synthesis of a peptide chain or a cyclic peptide, benefits from the author's experience. The concise and critical treatment of the steps involved: protection, activation and bond formation require careful planning to avoid racemization and undesired side reactions. The second edition has been completely revised and updated. New procedures that have been developed since the first edition was published and that did not fit into the original are added in a separate chapter. This separation of old and new make it possible to assess new ideas and discern novel trends.
Biomolecules are molecules that are involved in the maintenance and metabolic processes of all living organisms. This fully revised second edition offers extensive coverage of important biomolecules from an organic chemistry point of view. The author discusses carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, proteins, enzymes, pyrimidines, purines, nucleic acids, terpenoids, and lipids. The various topics are described in simple, lucid language and explain the mechanisms of the reactions wherever required. Ideal for upper level undergraduates, graduates and researchers. Features: The author discusses the basic organic chemistry of the main families of biomolecules Gives comprehensive information on biogenic substances Covers a vast range of topics including nucleic acids, enzymes and lipids Includes alkaloids and terpenoids This second edition will now appeal to upper level undergraduates as well as graduates