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The Navy's Tactical Aircrew Combat Training System (TACTS) provides the instrumentation necessary to record in-flight performance of aircrews during air-to-air combat training. Data recorded on TACTS has been an important source of information for the development of objective flight performance criteria. This paper discusses research related to the development and application of in-flight measures of air combat performance. Procedures for systematic development of aircrew performance measures are identified and discussed. A generic methodology is proposed which will eventually lead to a prescriptive model for performance measurement system development. Some of the many applications of objective flight performance criteria include training progress evaluation, training methodology and effectiveness studies, and learning acquisition and transfer studies.
Aircrew Training and Assessment is designed for professionals in the aviation psychology, human factors, assessment and evaluation, vocational, technical, educational psychology, and educational technology communities. It explores the state of the art in the training and assessment of aircrews and includes a review and description of the use
The Good Stick Index validation study statistically investigated an empirically derived measure of pilot proficiency in an air combat simulator. Statistical methods, including regression and discriminant analyses, were used to evaluate GSI scores as predictors of student free-engagement performances in the Tactical Air Command Air Combat Engagement Simulator (TAC ACES I) simulator training program. Statistically derived performance predictors are obtained from objectively measured parameters recorded during simulator training. The effect of inclusion of student pilot demographic data with the objective data is investigated. Edumetric and psychometric data are presented as indicators of skill development. Results of the study yield performance predictors for four groupings within each TAC ACES I class; (a) winners, (b) winners or runners-up, (c) upper-half winners, and (d) student quartile ranking. The empirically derived measure shows a probability of winner prediction of 25 percent, whereas the statistically derived optimal measure shows a probability of winner prediction of 80 percent. The reliability of the performance predictors is assessed. Potential utilization and limitations of the Good Stick Index are addressed.
Air combat maneuvering free engagements provide a challenging environment for the measurement of aircrew performance. The rapidly evolving technology in ground-based flight simulation and the data collection and analyses capabilities of the airborne Air Force Air Combat Maneuvering Instrmentation/Navy Tactical Combat Training System (ACMI/TACTS) show promise for providing the kinds of data needed for detailed air combat maneuvering performance measurement. An existing database of time history data collected during ACM free engagements on the Simulator for Air-to-Air Combat (SAAC) was re-analyzed using an analyses scheme called TACSPACE. This approach divided each engagement into segments according to the relative positions of the proposed and opponent aircraft in terms of aspect angle, line-of-sight angle, and range between aircraft. Several different performance measurement models were developed from the TACSPACE analyses. These models vary greatly in complexity as different sizes of TACSPACE segments and different analyses within the TACSPACE segments were tested. Large differences were found between the models in their ability to account for performance variance. Strong evidence was found for the efficacy of including measures of control activity in TACSPACE segments corresponding to offensive and defensive positions.
Documents an attempt to develop an objective measure for peacetime evaluation of a fighter pilot's air-to-air combat skills. Previous research and combat data from Korea and North Vietnam suggest that the skill of the individual pilot is crucial in the outcome of an aerial engagement. However, it has not been possible to estimate the actual effect or to identify what makes him superior. The Air Force cannot currently evaluate its pilots' air-to-air skills objectively during either their training or operational assignments. This report proposes four research areas that address the effectiveness and evaluation of these pilots: the selection of the prospective pilot from his undergraduate pilot training program, the air-to-air portions of his combat crew training squadron curriculum, the more efficient management of pilot resources, and an examination of the costs and benefits of dissimilar air combat training. It also proposes the development of a pilot skill index.
Explores the breadth and versatility of Human Systems Engineering (HSE) practices and illustrates its value in system development A Framework of Human Systems Engineering: Applications and Case Studies offers a guide to identifying and improving methods to integrate human concerns into the conceptualization and design of systems. With contributions from a panel of noted experts on the topic, the book presents a series of Human Systems Engineering (HSE) applications on a wide range of topics: interface design, training requirements, personnel capabilities and limitations, and human task allocation. Each of the book's chapters present a case study of the application of HSE from different dimensions of socio-technical systems. The examples are organized using a socio-technical system framework to reference the applications across multiple system types and domains. These case studies are based in real-world examples and highlight the value of applying HSE to the broader engineering community. This important book: Includes a proven framework with case studies to different dimensions of practice, including domain, system type, and system maturity Contains the needed tools and methods in order to integrate human concerns within systems Encourages the use of Human Systems Engineering throughout the design process Provides examples that cross traditional system engineering sectors and identifies a diverse set of human engineering practices Written for systems engineers, human factors engineers, and HSI practitioners, A Framework of Human Systems Engineering: Applications and Case Studies provides the information needed for the better integration of human and systems and early resolution of issues based on human constraints and limitations.
Flying an aircraft requires a continuous interpretation of the visual environment in which the pilot uses visual information from outside the cockpit and from the flight instruments inside the cockpit to develop and maintain an awareness of the status of the aircraft and its location in space. Flying a high-speed/high-performance aircraft in an air-to-air combat environment vastly increases the complexity of the pilot's task. The pilot must also keep track of and evaluate the performance of any opposing aircraft. To maintain a dynamic awareness of the situation and ultimately to be successful in the airborne arena, the pilot depends heavily on interpretation of out-of-the-cockpit visual cues. Usually training of the necessary visual skills for air-to-air combat takes place entirely in the aircraft ... a high stress environment where the student pilot quickly can become overwhelmed with visual information. In addition, the training is severely limited by both rules of engagement and aircraft safety limitations that prevent the student pilot from experiencing and practicing maximum performance tactics.