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In the early 1970s, the consumption of both prescribed and non-prescribed medicines in Britain was increasing. Originally published in 1972, this book takes a look at the medicine takers and the types of medicine they take. It examines the relationship between self-medication and prescription, and describes the frequency and nature of repeat prescribing. The medicines kept in a random sample of households were counted and analysed, and data about the length of time people hoarded medicines is used as a basis for estimating the proportion of prescribed medicines that are wasted. By putting the views and habits of people as patients alongside information from their general practitioners the study illuminates the relationship between patients and doctors. In addition, variations between people in different social classes direct light on the distribution of care and the equity of services at the time
The volumes in this set, originally published between 1964 and 2002, draw together research by leading academics in the area of higher education, and provide a rigorous examination of related key issues. The volume examines the concepts of learning, teaching, student experience and administration in relation to the higher education through the areas of business, sociology, education reforms, government, educational policy, business and religion, whilst also exploring the general principles and practices of higher education in various countries. This set will be of particular interest to students and practitioners of education, politics and sociology.
One of the eXCltmg challenges of medicine has been the reaching of decisions based on less than complete evidence. As undergraduates in teaching hospitals future physicians are taught to think in clear and absolute black and white terms. Diagnoses in teaching hospitals all are based on supportive positive findings of in vestigations. Treatment follows logically on precise diagnosis. When patients die the causes of death are confirmed at autopsy. How very different is real life in clinical practice, and particularly in family medicine. By the very nature of the common conditions that present diagnoses tend to be imprecise and based on clinical assessment and interpretation. Much of the management and treatment of patients is based on opinions of individual physicians based on their personal expenences. Because of the relative professional isolation offamily physicians within their own practices, not unexpectedly divergent views and opinions are formed. There is nothing wrong in such divergencies because there are no clear absolute black and white decisions. General family practice functions in grey areas of medicine where it is possible and quite correct to hold polarized distinct opinions. The essence of good care must be eternal flexibility and readiness to change long-held cherished opinions. To demonstrate that with many issues in family medicine it is possible to have more than one view I selected 10 clinical and II non -clinical topics and invited colleagues and fellow-practitioners to enter into a debate-in-print.
An Outline of Sociology as Applied to Medicine, Third Edition provides an understanding of the origins, nature, and context of illness in society. This book discusses the relationship between health care and the society in which it occurs. Organized into 15 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of some deficiencies of the biomedical model of illness. This text then explores the traditional medical model, which holds that disease is a lesion inside the human body that produces two types of indicator of its presence, namely, the signs and symptoms. Other chapters consider the difference of perspectives between doctor and patients. This book discusses as well the presence of various biological causes of illness that is strongly influenced by social factors. The final chapter deals with the social significance of medicine. This book is a valuable resource for sociologists. Primary care physicians and specialists will also find this book extremely useful.
The Sociology of Healthcare, Second Edition explores the impact of current social changes on health, illness and healthcare, and provides an overview of the fundamental concerns in these areas. This new edition features a brand new chapter entitled End of Life which will help health and social care workers to respond with confidence to one of the most difficult and challenging areas of care. The End of Life chapter includes information on changing attitudes to death, theories of death and dying, and palliative care. All chapters have been thoroughly updated to address diversity issues such as gender, ethnicity and disability. In addition, expanded and updated chapters include Childhood and Adolescence and Health Inequalities. The text is further enhanced through the use of case studies that relate theory to professional practice, and discussion questions to aid understanding. Links to websites direct the reader to further information on health, social wellbeing and government policies. This book is essential reading for all students of healthcare including nursing, medicine, midwifery and health studies and for those studying healthcare as part of sociology, social care and social policy degrees. In an age when health policy follows an individualist model of personal responsibility this book by Alan Clarke demonstrates with a vast array of evidence, just how much there is such a thing as society. An excellent overall book.Dr. Stephen Cowden, Senior Lecturer in Social Work, Coventry University
This text defines and conceptualizes the field of family medicine. The first edition was widely acclaimed for its originality, depth of analysis and elegant style. The book has now been extensively revised. Much new material has been added on the patient-centered clinical method, illness narratives, the biological basis of family medicine, health promotion, the concept of risk, and the contribution of evidence-based medicine. A new chapter on alternative (complementary) medicine fills the need for reliable information on this topic.
Health research, education and provision have become increasingly interdisciplinary over the last few years, leading health professionals to broaden their knowledge beyond technical aspects of care. Practitioners now need a clear understanding of how society can affect health, and an appreciation of how societal structures can drive healthcare practices. In a clear, systematic and accessible style, this timely text looks at the social context of health and healthcare by: - Analysing a wide range of classic and contemporary theories; - Identifying the relevance of each theory to health; - Showing how theory has been used in research - Outlining the impact of theory on health and health provision. Specifically written for health professionals and those engaged in health studies research, this book will help students and practitioners alike understand the sociology of health and illness, and enable them to critically assess health issues, policies and practices.
Medicine is news. There is constant public interest in health and disease; in medical miracles and in breakthroughs; in medical disasters, failures and malpraxis ; in deficiencies and defects ofhealth services; and in the rising costs ofhealth care. Medicine is 'big business'. Physicians co me out near the top money earners in most medical care systems. In the Uni ted Kingdom the National Health Service (NHS) now costs over [6000 million a year ($ ro 800 million), a free service that costs every British man, woman and child [120 a year ($216) in direct and indirect taxes. But this is less than the [500 ($900) a year that medical care costs each person in USA and West Germany. In developed countries health care costs are approaching ro% ofthe gross national product (GNP). It is big business also in that in Britain the NHS is one of the largest employers; about I million Britons work as employees of the NHS, caring for the other 54 millions and in the USA the numbers are 5 million caring for 2. 5 millions. The provision of health services is full of problems and dilemmas. These problems and dilemmas cross all' national boundaries. All countries share the same problems and dilemmas. Problems of objectives, of standards, of effectiveness and efficiency, and problems of relations between the medical profession, the public and govern ment. Medical care still is full of mystique.
This book is open access under a CC BY license and explores the under-researched history of male mental illness from the mid-twentieth century. It argues that statistics suggesting women have been more vulnerable to depression and anxiety are misleading since they underplay a host of alternative presentations of 'distress' more common in men.