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This open access book gives a complete and comprehensive introduction to the fields of medical imaging systems, as designed for a broad range of applications. The authors of the book first explain the foundations of system theory and image processing, before highlighting several modalities in a dedicated chapter. The initial focus is on modalities that are closely related to traditional camera systems such as endoscopy and microscopy. This is followed by more complex image formation processes: magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray projection imaging, computed tomography, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, nuclear imaging, ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography.
Medical applications of ultrasound range from therapy, foetal monitoring, diagnostic imaging and blood flow measurement, to surgery and lithotripsy. Ever since the earliest developments of medical ultrasound there has been an interest in the measurement and characterisation of the ultrasonic fields generated in these applications, either for assessment of performance of equipment or for safety. Until recently, procedures for acoustic output measurements were ill-defined, but standards are now being developed internationally by the International Electrotechnical Commission (1EC) and reliable commercial measuring equipment is becoming more widely available. The aim of this book is to introduce acoustic output measurement techniques and to provide an insight into the measurement methods. The material presented is based on a course originally run during November 1989 at the National Physical Laboratory. In addition to the lectures, the course consisted of a series of practicals to allow participants to gain experience of making measurements. Teddington, UK Roy C. Preston February 1991 Contents List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii List of Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Safety of Diagnostic Ultrasonic Equipment: The Relevance of Acoustic Output Information to the Clinical User R. C. Preston 1. 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1. 2 The Relevance of Acoustic Output Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1. 2. 1 What Is Acoustic Output Information? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1. 2. 2 What Is Acoustic Output Information Used For? . . . . . . . 6 1. 2. 3 Why Should You Know the Acoustic Output Levels of Your Equipment? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1. 2. 4 Are Acoustic Output Levels Really that Important? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging provides a unified description of the physical principles of ultrasound imaging, signal processing, systems and measurements. This comprehensive reference is a core resource for both graduate students and engineers in medical ultrasound research and design. With continuing rapid technological development of ultrasound in medical diagnosis, it is a critical subject for biomedical engineers, clinical and healthcare engineers and practitioners, medical physicists, and related professionals in the fields of signal and image processing. The book contains 17 new and updated chapters covering the fundamentals and latest advances in the area, and includes four appendices, 450 figures (60 available in color on the companion website), and almost 1,500 references. In addition to the continual influx of readers entering the field of ultrasound worldwide who need the broad grounding in the core technologies of ultrasound, this book provides those already working in these areas with clear and comprehensive expositions of these key new topics as well as introductions to state-of-the-art innovations in this field. Enables practicing engineers, students and clinical professionals to understand the essential physics and signal processing techniques behind modern imaging systems as well as introducing the latest developments that will shape medical ultrasound in the future Suitable for both newcomers and experienced readers, the practical, progressively organized applied approach is supported by hands-on MATLAB® code and worked examples that enable readers to understand the principles underlying diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound Covers the new important developments in the use of medical ultrasound: elastography and high-intensity therapeutic ultrasound. Many new developments are comprehensively reviewed and explained, including aberration correction, acoustic measurements, acoustic radiation force imaging, alternate imaging architectures, bioeffects: diagnostic to therapeutic, Fourier transform imaging, multimode imaging, plane wave compounding, research platforms, synthetic aperture, vector Doppler, transient shear wave elastography, ultrafast imaging and Doppler, functional ultrasound and viscoelastic models
Fundamentals of Medical Imaging, second edition, is an invaluable technical introduction to each imaging modality, explaining the mathematical and physical principles and giving a clear understanding of how images are obtained and interpreted. Individual chapters cover each imaging modality – radiography, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine and ultrasound – reviewing the physics of the signal and its interaction with tissue, the image formation or reconstruction process, a discussion of image quality and equipment, clinical applications and biological effects and safety issues. Subsequent chapters review image analysis and visualization for diagnosis, treatment and surgery. New to this edition: • Appendix of questions and answers • New chapter on 3D image visualization • Advanced mathematical formulae in separate text boxes • Ancillary website containing 3D animations: www.cambridge.org/suetens • Full colour illustrations throughout Engineers, clinicians, mathematicians and physicists will find this an invaluable aid in understanding the physical principles of imaging and their clinical applications.
Based on a popular course taught at the Radiological Society of North America's Annual Meeting, this book provides all the essential information for choosing the appropriate imaging examination and completing the imaging workup of a patient. Chapters are organized into parts according to the anatomical location of the clinical problems addressed. The authors guide the reader through the diagnostic evaluation, reviewing the indications for and the strengths and limitations of ultrasound imaging.Features: Practical information on the usefulness of ultrasound, nonimaging tests, or other imaging modalities, such as CT and MR, for evaluating each clinical situation Clear descriptions of symptoms and differential diagnosis Nearly 1,300 images and photographs demonstrating key points A new chapter on neonatal spinal cord anomalies Comprehensive and up-to-date, this edition is essential for ultrasonographers, radiologists, residents, physicians, nurses, and radiology assistants seeking the latest recommendations for the effective use of ultrasonography.
"The book consists of nine chapters. The first 3 chapters give a broad overview of the acoustic theory for bubble-sound interaction, both linear and nonlinear. Most contrast agents are stabilized in a shell, and this shell can have a strong influence on the interaction between the bubbles and the ultrasound. The effect of the shell is given special attention, as this is not easily found in other bubble literature. Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7 describe experimental and theoretical methods used to characterize the acoustic properties of the agents, and results of studies on some agents. Chapter 8 shows how the theory and the experimental results can be combined and used to model various phenomena by means of computer simulations. The main purpose of the simulations is to get insight into the mechanisms behind the described phenomena, not to get accurate predictions and values.
Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound provides a thorough and detailed treatment of the underlying physics and engineering of medical ultrasound practices. It covers the fundamental engineering behind ultrasound equipment, properties of acoustic wave motion, the behavior of waves in various media, non-linear waves and the creation of images. The most comprehensive book on the subject, Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound is an indispensable reference for any medical professional working with ultrasound imaging, and a comprehensive introduction to the subject for students. The author has been researching and teaching biomedical ultrasonics at the University of Toronto for the past 25 years.
As ultrasound is used more widely by a range of healthcare professionals as a successful imaging tool for musculoskeletal conditions, Musculoskeletal Ultrasound demystifies the technique for students and practitioners who do not necessarily have specialised knowledge in this area. The text is written at a level suitable for both students and more experienced practitioners, and has been edited by experienced sonographers working in consultant practice and education. It covers basic ultrasound anatomy and normal variants, common pathology, how to report, and differential diagnoses processes. With contributions from leading musculoskeletal sonographers and a physiotherapist, and with input from radiology and rheumatology, this book provides a rounded, evidence-based resource for anyone wishing to incorporate musculoskeletal ultrasound into their practice. Accessible, step-by-step approach to support understanding Highly illustrated, ultrasound images included throughout Tips to help the reader problem solve and avoid common pitfalls
All healthcare professionals practising ultrasound in a clinical setting should receive accredited training in the principles and practice of ultrasound scanning. This second edition of Diagnostic Ultrasound: Physics and Equipment provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics, technology and safety of ultrasound equipment, with high quality ultrasound images and diagrams throughout. It covers all aspects of the field at a level intended to meet the requirements of UK sonography courses. New to this edition: • Updated descriptions of ultrasound technology, quality assurance and safety. • Additional chapters dedicated to 3D ultrasound, contrast agents and elastography. • New glossary containing definitions of over 500 terms. The editors and contributing authors are all authorities in their areas, with contributions to the scientific and professional development of ultrasound at national and international level.
Compact, hand-carried ultrasound devices are revolutionizing how healthcare providers practice medicine in nearly every specialty. The 2nd Edition of this BMA-award-winning text features all-new chapters, a greatly expanded video library, and new review questions to keep you fully up to date with the latest technology and its applications. Helps you interpret findings with a peer-reviewed, online video library with more than 1,000 ultrasound videos of normal and pathologic findings. These videos are complemented by anatomical illustrations and text descriptions to maximize learning. Offers new online resources, including over 60 clinical cases and review questions in every chapter. Features fully updated content throughout, plus all-new chapters on hemodynamics, transesophageal echocardiography, transcranial Doppler ultrasound, pediatrics, neonatology, and 2nd/3rd trimester pregnancy. Shares the knowledge and expertise of expert contributors who are internationally recognized faculty from more than 60 institutions. Recipient of British Medical Association’s President's Choice Award and Highly Commended in Internal Medicine at the BMA Medical Book Awards 2015 (first edition).