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When the Boston and Lowell Railroad came through in 1835, Medford was a quiet town with fewer than two thousand residents. By the twentieth century, it had become a thriving city of eighteen thousand. In Victorian Medford, everything was new, from the Medford Opera House, the town hall, and the Mystic Lakes to the camera, the bicycle, and the gypsy moth. The shipbuilding, rum, and brickmaking industries gave way to new businesses, and traditional houses came to share neighborhoods with Queen Anne and Shingle-style architecture. In the mid-nineteenth century, there was great social change, as abolitionists Lydia Maria Child and George Luther Stearns spoke out against slavery and men went to the Civil War. James W. Tufts invented the soda fountain, Fannie Farmer wrote her first cookbook, and James Pierpont wrote "Jingle Bells."
When the Boston and Lowell Railroad came through in 1835, Medford was a quiet town with fewer than two thousand residents. By the twentieth century, it had become a thriving city of eighteen thousand. In Victorian Medford, everything was new, from the Medford Opera House, the town hall, and the Mystic Lakes to the camera, the bicycle, and the gypsy moth. The shipbuilding, rum, and brickmaking industries gave way to new businesses, and traditional houses came to share neighborhoods with Queen Anne and Shingle-style architecture. In the mid-nineteenth century, there was great social change, as abolitionists Lydia Maria Child and George Luther Stearns spoke out against slavery and men went to the Civil War. James W. Tufts invented the soda fountain, Fannie Farmer wrote her first cookbook, and James Pierpont wrote "Jingle Bells."
The encyclopedia takes a broad, multidisciplinary approach to the history of the period. It includes general and specific entries on politics and business, labor, industry, agriculture, education and youth, law and legislative affairs, literature, music, the performing and visual arts, health and medicine, science and technology, exploration, life on the Western frontier, family life, slave life, Native American life, women, and more than a hundred influential individuals.
Covers the growth of the communities that eventually became metropolitan Boston, providing information on local mills and factories.
One of the largest development projects in nineteenth-century America, Boston's Back Bay was essentially a tidal basin until the construction of the Mill Dam (present-day Beacon Street) just after the War of 1812. By 1837, the area bounded by Charles, Boylston, Beacon, and Arlington Streets was filled in and laid out as the Public Garden, later the site of Boston's famous swanboats. In the late 1850s, the massive infill of the Back Bay commenced, and the earth collected from the hills of Needham was deposited in the city's "west end" for nearly four decades. As the new land began to reach Muddy River, the streets assumed a grid-like plan. The grand avenues eventually comprised Victorian Boston's premier neighborhood, and became home to the most impressive religious, educational, and residential architecture in New England.
Hosea Ballou Morse (1855-1934) sailed to China in 1874, and for the next thirty-five years he labored loyally in the Imperial Chinese Maritime Customs Service, becoming one of its most able commissioners and acquiring a deep knowledge of China's economy and foreign relations. After his retirement in 1909, Morse devoted himself to scholarship. He pioneered in the Western study of China's foreign relations, weaving from the tangled threads of the Ch'ing dynasty's foreign affairs several seminal interpretive histories, most notably his three-volume magnum opus, The International Relations of the Chinese Empire (1910-18). At the time of his death, Morse was considered the major historian of modern China in the English-speaking world, and his works played a profound role in shaping the contours of Western scholarship on China. Begun as a labor of love by his protégé, John King Fairbank, this lively biography based primarily on Morse's vast collection of personal papers sheds light on many crucial events in modern Chinese history, as well as on the multifaceted Western role in late imperial China, and provides new insights into the beginnings of modern China studies in this country. Half-finished when Fairbank died, the project was completed by his colleagues, Martha Henderson Coolidge and Richard J. Smith.