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but also the possibility of intervention in specific stages. In Human behavior, including stress and other factors, plays an important role in neoplasia, although too little is known addition, variables which affect cancer development as well on the reasons for such development. Carcinogens, which as some endogenous factors can be better delineated help initiate the neoplastic process, may be either synthetic through such investigations. The topics of this volume encompass premalignant non or naturally-occurring. Cancer causation may be ascribed to invasive lesions, species-specific aspects of carcinogenicity, certain chemicals, physical agents, radioactive materials, viruses, parasites, the genetic make-up of the organism, and radiation, viruses, a quantum theory of carinogenesis, onco bacteria. Humans, eumetazoan animals and vascular plants genes, and selected environmental carcinogens. are susceptible to the first six groups of cancer causes, whe reas the last group, bacteria, seems to affect only vascular plants. Neoplastic development may begin with impairment ofJmdy defenses by a toxic material (carcinogen) which acts as an initiator, followed by promotion and progression to an overt neoplastic state. Investigation of these processes Series Editor Volume Editor allows not only a better insight into the mechanism of action Hans E. Kaiser Elizabeth K. Weisburger vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Inspiration and encouragement for this wide ranging project on cancer distribution and dissemination from a comparative biological and clinical point of view, was given by my late friend E. H. Krokowski.
This book describes molecular processes whose deregulation is important in the formation of tumors. The material is developed from basic cell signaling pathways to their roles in the clinical manifestation of specific cancers. Topics covered include molecular events intrinsic to tumor cells (leading to growth deregulation, extended lifespan, and the ability to invade surrounding tissue), protective mechanisms that prevent transformation (including DNA repair and epigenetic regulation), tumor-host interactions (with the endocrine system, the immune system, and blood vessel formation), and the underlying molecular defects of individual cancers.
Popular understanding holds that genetic changes create cancer. James DeGregori uses evolutionary principles to propose a new way of thinking about cancerÕs occurrence. Cancer is as much a disease of evolution as it is of mutation, one in which mutated cells outcompete healthy cells in the ecosystem of the bodyÕs tissues. His theory ties cancerÕs progression, or lack thereof, to evolved strategies to maximize reproductive success. Through natural selection, humans evolved genetic programs to maintain bodily health for as long as necessary to increase the odds of passing on our genesÑbut not much longer. These mechanisms engender a tissue environment that favors normal stem cells over precancerous ones. Healthy tissues thwart cancer cellsÕ ability to outcompete their precancerous rivals. But as our tissues age or accumulate damage from exposures such as smoking, normal stem cells find themselves less optimized to their ecosystem. Cancer-causing mutations can now help cells adapt to these altered tissue environments, and thus outcompete normal cells. Just as changes in a speciesÕ habitat favor the evolution of new species, changes in tissue environments favor the growth of cancerous cells. DeGregoriÕs perspective goes far in explaining who gets cancer, when it appears, and why. While we cannot avoid mutations, it may be possible to sustain our tissuesÕ natural and effective system of defense, even in the face of aging or harmful exposures. For those interested in learning how cancers arise within the human body, the insights in Adaptive Oncogenesis offer a compelling perspective.
This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Approximately 15% of human cancer incidence can be attributed to virus infection, i.e. viruses represent the second most important risk factor (after tobacco consumption) for cancer development in humans. Today, five virus types are known to be involved in causing human cancer: papillomaviruses, retroviruses, herpesviruses, hepadnaviruses, and flaviviruses. This volume provides a comprehensive review of a number of DNA tumor viruses. Leading experts in the field of tumor virology discuss up-to-date information, focusing on the transforming genes of DNA tumor viruses, the mechanisms of transformation and the in vitro methodology used for their identification and characterization. In vitro studies have revealed several common mechanisms of viral transformation. Presented in a clear and concise manner, this book will be of value to students as well as researchers in the fields of general biology, molecular biology, cell biology and microbiology.
Rubin and Damjanov's latest volume of Pathology Reviews highlights the latest progress in the interface of biology and disease. Forefront techniques and experimental models that were once considered exotic or esoteric, are explored here in the context of understanding more fully the processes involved in human disease. Topics include: regulation of liver growth • contractile cells in lungs • mineral formation in bone • folate metabolism • the "riddle of the mast cell" • HLA antigens • interleukin 6 • IgA nephropathy • Goodpasture syndrome • anti-basement membrane glomerulonephropathy • molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis • molecular diagnosis of cancer • inhibition of intercellular communication in carcinogenesis • DNA repair and its pathogenetic implications • human and rat mammary tumorigenesis. Pathology Reviews • 1990 is essential reading for everyone concerned with the mechanisms of disease.
Viruses are the causes of approximately 25% of human cancers. Due to their importance in carcinogenesis, there is a desperate need for a book that discusses these viruses. This book is therefore timely, providing a comprehensive review of the molecular biology of oncogenic viruses and the cancers they cause. Viruses that are discussed in the individual chapters include hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilloma viruses, EpsteinOCoBarr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma virus and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. This book provides up-to-date information for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, medical students, physicians and non-experts who are interested in learning more about the oncogenic viruses and how they cause human cancers. Sample Chapter(s). Foreword (38 KB). Chapter 1: Oncogenic Viruses, Cellular Transformation and Human Cancers (211 KB). Contents: Oncogenic Viruses, Cellular Transformation and Human Cancers (Y-Y Zheng & J-H J Ou); Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis (T S B Yen); Molecular Mechanism of Hepatitis C Virus Carcinogenesis (K Machida et al.); Human Papillomaviruses and Associated Malignancies (C L Nguyen et al.); Epstein-Barr Virus and Its Oncogenesis (H-P Li et al.); Human Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus: Molecular Biology and Oncogenesis (P J Dillon & B Damania); Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus 1 and Cellular Transformation (Y-H Chi & K-T Jeang). Readership: Graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in infectious diseases, microbiology/virology, oncology/cancer research, and cell/molecular/structural biology; medical students, physicians and non-experts who are interested in understanding the relationship between oncogenic viruses and the cancers they cause
This unique book focuses on the DNA viruses in the human population that are associated with cancers. It covers most of the viruses that are thought to contribute to human malignancy. This book represents a comprehensive review of the field of DNA tumor virology. Right now, while there are books out there that cover individual viruses that are also covered in this book, there is no single book that covers this topic comprehensively. This book is the first current, comprehensive review of its kind in the market.