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In this book are reported nine works related to land subsidence monitoring using remote sensing techniques. Land subsidence is a common phenomenon in many regions of the world, where it causes degradation of local ecosystems and disruption of economic activities. Its effects are more evident in densely populated areas in particular in low-lying territories such as river deltas and coastal areas where the combination of land subsidence and sea level rise increases the flooding risk. For this reason, the monitoring of ground deformations is a crucial step to obtain important information for the development of risk mitigation strategies. In the presented papers, the characteristics of land subsidence occurring in different study areas are described, and recent developments in the used methodologies for the monitoring of the ground displacements are discussed and validated also by means of ground-based data. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of the adopted techniques are highlighted. The outcomes of these research works can provide national and local authorities with useful information for the implementation of integrated monitoring systems in the areas most affected by land subsidence.
Our planet is nowadays continuously monitored by powerful remote sensors operating in wide portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Our capability of acquiring detailed information on the environment has been revolutionized by revealing its inner structure, morphology and dynamical changes. The way we now observe and study the evolution of the Earths status has even radically influenced our perception and conception of the world we live in. The aim of this book is to bring together contributions from experts to present new research results and prospects of the future developments in the area of geosciences and remote sensing, emerging research directions are discussed. The volume consists of twenty-six chapters, encompassing both theoretical aspects and application-oriented studies. An unfolding perspective on various current trends in this extremely rich area is offered. The book chapters can be categorized along different perspectives, among others, use of active or passive sensors, employed technologies and configurations, considered scenario on the Earth, scientific research area involved in the studies.
This book examines the process of injecting treated wastewater into wells to replenish aquifers, and thereby slow the process of land subsidence, and help to mitigate coastal flooding. It explains how up to fifty percent of sea-level rise may be due to land subsidence, and up to fifty percent of land subsidence may be due to aquifer compaction. The concepts covered discuss replenishing aquifers with clean water to reduce nutrient discharges into out-falled waterways; providing a sustainable supply of groundwater; reducing the rate of land subsidence; and protecting the groundwater from saltwater intrusion. Practical case studies from Virginia and California will be included.
A large part of the global population lives in arid lands which have low rainfall and often lack the water required for sustainable population and economic growth. This book presents a comprehensive description of the hydrogeology and hydrologic processes at work in arid lands. It describes the techniques that can be used to assess and manage the water resources of these areas with an emphasis on groundwater resources, including recent advances in hydrologic evaluation and the differences between how aquifer systems behave in arid lands versus more humid areas. Water management techniques are described and summarized to show how a more comprehensive approach to water management is required in these areas, including the need to be aware of cultural sensitivities and conditions unique to many arid regions. The integration of existing resources with the addition of new water sources, such as desalination of brackish water and seawater, along with reusing treated wastewater, will be required to meet future water supply needs. Also, changing climatic conditions will force water management systems to be more robust so that future water supply demands can be met as droughts become more intense and rainfall events become more intense. A range of water management techniques are described and discussed in order to illustrate the methods for integrating these measures within the context of arid lands conditions.
This book addresses the nexus between science and migration and examines how the two are inextricably intertwined. The Science of Climate Migration primarily addresses the science of global climate change and additionally examines how this change is more than a region being too hot, too cold, too dry, too wet, or too windy; rather it is also about heightened military tensions, political instability, and myriad other factors. History has shown that this change is felt most acutely in developing countries that are least equipped to adapt. This inability to adapt is considered to be a driver that motivates local residents to find “greener pastures” through migration. Further, the book discusses the increasing need for the implementation and utilization of non-polluting renewables for use in energy production as a means to stave off environmental crises. Features Examines how and why climate change effects and human migration are inextricably intertwined. Discusses the increasing need for the implementation of non-polluting renewables for use in energy production as a means to stave off environmental crises. Explains how wildlife is also sensitive to shifts in climate and how this in turn affects their migration as well.
The general public’s aversion to drinking treated wastewater is evident, rooted in the reluctance to accept a direct pipe-to-pipe connection, for example, from a toilet to a drinking water tap. Despite advancements in treating black water from sewage sources to meet drinking water standards, there persists a general hesitancy to fully accept this possibility or understand the science behind it. The Science of Water Reuse explains how technology can sufficiently purify reclaimed water to potable water quality—even surpassing the cleanliness of the water available from conventional taps. It addresses the significant gap in the existing literature on water reuse, focusing particularly on the varied applications of reused or reclaimed water within municipal and agricultural contexts, with a specific emphasis on issues and technologies related to both direct and indirect potable water reuse. It serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, municipal planners, environmental engineering professionals, as well as undergraduate and graduate students. Bridges the gap between technical details and public comprehension, making the complex subject of water reuse accessible and relevant. Provides a comprehensive understanding of water reuse, including case studies for practical application. Contributes to changing public attitudes, making reclaimed water an acceptable source for potable use.
This book attempts to bridge the gap between the climate change research and decision-making communities by exploring the impacts of climate change on groundwater from a more applied perspective. Global climate change will impact groundwater demands, quality, and available supplies, and rising sea level may cause water tables to rise, inundating low-lying coastal areas. Groundwater will increasingly be needed to perform a stabilization role in mitigating fluctuations in the supply of surface waters, serving as a buffer against droughts. Climate change has become a frequent subject in the mass media, and the academic literature on the subject is now enormous. An impediment to climate change adaptation with respect to water is a poor link between the climate change research community and the actual decision-makers responsible for water supply planning. Key issues explored are methods for evaluating potential impacts on climate change on local groundwater systems, the adaptation of decision-making process, and how climate change adaptation can be mainstreamed into the water supply planning.