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The idea of neutrino oscillations was suggested in 1957 by B Pontecorvo, immediately after the discovery of parity violation in b-decay. It took more than 40 years and the efforts of many experimental teams before the first convincing evidence that neutrinos are massive and mixed particles came to light. A central figure in this enthusiastic endeavour to unravel neutrino properties is Samoil M Bilenky, from his early collaboration (in Dubna) with Pontecorvo to his most recent attempts at analyzing and reconciling, in a coherent theoretical framework, the results of many difficult experiments. These aim at the measurement of neutrino masses and oscillations: from the various solar neutrino experiments, via the LSND accelerator experiment, to the most suggestive atmospheric neutrino experiments. This book, which celebrates the seventieth birthday of Samoil M Bilenky, offers a fairly complete overview of theoretical issues and experimental facts about our present understanding of neutrino physics and its implications for astrophysical and cosmological problems. Indeed, some contributions are devoted to more general topics within and beyond the Standard Model, from lattice QCD to dark matter and supersymmetric models.
Since the discovery of neutrino oscillations neutrino physics has become an interesting field of research in physics. They imply that neutrino must have a small mass and that the neutrinos, coupled to the charged leptons, are mixtures of the mass eigenstates, analogous to the flavor mixing of the quarks. The mixing angles for the quarks are small, but for the leptons two of the mixing angles are large. The masses of the three neutrinos must be very small, less than 1 eV, but from the oscillation experiments we only know the mass differences -- the absolute masses are still unknown. Also we do not know, if the masses of the neutrinos are Dirac masses, as the masses of the charged leptons and of the quarks, or whether they are Majorana masses.In this volume, an overview of the present state of research in neutrino physics is given by well-known experimentalists and theorists. The contents -- originated from talks and discussions at a recent conference addressing some of the most pressing open questions in neutrino physics -- range from the oscillation experiments to CP-violation for leptons, to texture zero mass matrices and to the role of neutrinos in astrophysics and cosmology.
Low-energy electrons are ubiquitous in nature and play an important role in natural phenomena as well as many potential and current industrial processes. Authored by 16 active researchers, this book describes the fundamental characteristics of low-energy electron–molecule interactions and their role in different fields of science and technology, including plasma processing, nanotechnology, and health care, as well as astro- and atmospheric physics and chemistry. The book is packed with illustrative examples, from both fundamental and application sides, features about 130 figures, and lists over 800 references. It may serve as an advanced graduate-level study course material where selected chapters can be used either individually or in combination as a basis to highlight and study specific aspects of low-energy electron–molecule interactions. It is also directed at researchers in the fields of plasma physics, nanotechnology, and radiation damage to biologically relevant material (such as in cancer therapy), especially those with an interest in high-energy-radiation-induced processes, from both an experimental and a theoretical point of view.
William A. Pettigrew and David Veevers put forward a new interpretation of the role Europe’s overseas corporations played in early modern global history, recasting them from vehicles of national expansion to significant forces of global integration. Across the Mediterranean, Atlantic, Indian Ocean and Pacific, corporations provided a truly global framework for facilitating the circulation, movement and exchange between and amongst European and non-European communities, bringing them directly into dialogue often for the first time. Usually understood as imperial or colonial commercial enterprises, The Corporation as a Protagonist in Global History reveals the unique global sociology of overseas corporations to provide a new global history in which non-Europeans emerged as key stakeholders in European overseas enterprises in the early modern world. Contributors include: Michael D. Bennett, Aske Laursen Brock, Liam D. Haydon, Lisa Hellman, Leonard Hodges, Emily Mann, Simon Mills, Chris Nierstrasz, Edgar Pereira, Edmond Smith, Haig Smith, and Anna Winterbottom.
Proceedings of the 8th ASTM-Euratom Symposium, held in Vail, Colorado, Aug.-Sept. 1993, to provide a forum for experts to discuss their latest results under the broad theme of dosimetry for the correlation of radiation effects. Preceded by a summary of the keynote presentations and followed by summa
The book reprints a set of important scientific papers applying physics and mathematics to address the problem of selective ionic conduction in narrow water-filled channels and pores. It is a long-standing problem, and an extremely important one. Life in all its forms depends on ion channels and, furthermore, the technological applications of artificial ion channels are already widespread and growing rapidly. They include desalination, DNA sequencing, energy harvesting, molecular sensors, fuel cells, batteries, personalised medicine, and drug design. Further applications are to be anticipated. The book will be helpful to researchers and technologists already working in the area, or planning to enter it. It gives detailed descriptions of a diversity of modern approaches, and shows how they can be particularly effective and mutually reinforcing when used together. It not only provides a snapshot of current cutting-edge scientific activity in the area, but also offers indications of how the subject is likely to evolve in the future.
Computer Engineering, Control Systems, Biomedical Engineering, Communications, Power Systems, Machines, Software Engineering, IT
This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of core areas of investigation and theory relating to the history of women and science. Bringing together new research with syntheses of pivotal scholarship, the volume acknowledges and integrates history, theory and practice across a range of disciplines and periods. While the handbook’s primary focus is on women's experiences, chapters also reflect more broadly on gender, including issues of femininity and masculinity as related to scientific practice and representation. Spanning the period from the birth of modern science in the late seventeenth century to current challenges facing women in STEM, it takes a thematic and comparative approach to unpack the central issues relating to women in science across different regions and cultures. Topics covered include scientific networks; institutions and archives; cultures of science; science communication; and access and diversity. With its breadth of coverage, this handbook will be the go-to resource for undergraduates taking courses on the history and philosophy of science and gender history, while at the same time providing the foundation for more advanced scholars to undertake further historical and theoretical investigation.
This edited book showcases original research in the study of healthcare and health communication, while also providing a detailed overview of contemporary methods of discourse analysis. Discourse approaches remain under-represented in the field of health communication, despite their potential for affording detailed understanding of health-related text and talk across an array of contexts, for example in face-to-face and digital healthcare encounters, health promotion, and patients’ accounts of illness experiences. This book aims to address this gap in the literature by offering the first book-length treatment of different approaches to discourse analysis in health(care) and illness contexts, and it will appeal both to linguists and to researchers in nursing and health sciences, sociology and anthropology.