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The use of a beta-ray spectrometer, in the analysis of nuclear decay schemes, makes possible the solution of many of the problems which arise in the course of such analyses. Of particular interest is the application of the instrument to the determination of the energy of beta and gamma-radiation from radioactive isotopes. In addition, it is possible to use the instrument to estimate the relative intensities of the various components of radiation; and to apply the coincidence method, in conjunction with the spectrometer, to the determination of the order in which these components are emitted from the nucleus. The present work was concerned with three particular problems arising in beta-ray spectrometry. A method of improving the intensity-resolution relationship of a thin lens magnetic beta-ray spectrometer, by means of ring focusing, was investigated. The existence of a ring-shaped constriction in the electron beam was demonstrated experimentally by a photographic film method. A theoretical analysis was carried out in an attempt to determine relations from which the relative intensities of beta-rays, gamma-rays and internal conversion electrons might be determined from data obtained with the spectrometer. Simplifying assumptions were made concerning the focusing action of the instrument, and effects due to scattering of electrons in the source of photoelectric radiator were neglected. Formulae were derived from which the observed spectrometer counting rates due to sources of known activity, emitting beta-rays, gamma-rays or internal conversion electrons may be predicted.
The authors have addressed the basic need for internationally consistent standards and methods demanded by the new and increasing use of radioactive materials, radiopharmaceuticals and labelled compounds. Particular emphasis is given to the basic and practical problems that may be encountered in measuring radioactivity. The text provides information and recommendations in the areas of radiation protection, focusing on quality control and the precautions necessary for the preparation and handling of radioactive substances. New information is also presented on the applications of both traditional and innovative instruments in the fields of diagnostic and clinical radiology, radiation protection, biomedical research, industrial and agricultural applications, power production and waste control.
The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.