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The story of Savannah's historic public schools, both black and white, is one of modest beginnings, noteworthy achievement, and remarkable people. As the small schoolhouses of downtown Savannah evolved into the sprawling educational complexes of today, they maintained an impressive record of service to the community's most important citizens: its young people. Savannah's commitment to public education is as old as the city itself; from the beginning, efforts were made to ensure that education was available to all. The opening of the Massie Common School in 1856 marked the start of the modern era of public education in Savannah. For the first time, a building was designed, built, staffed, and maintained for the express purpose of providing education to all of the city's children, regardless of their families' ability to pay. Massie Common School's first principal eventually left Savannah to become superintendent of Atlanta's public school system, paving the way for local politicians who took their school board experiences with them when they were elected to state office. These pioneers of public education in Savannah spread methods and practices established in local schools throughout the state.
Eric Hobsbawm claimed that the international May Day, which dates back to a proclamation in 1889 by the Second International, 'is perhaps the most ambitious of labour rituals'. The first international May Day demonstrations in 1890 were widely celebrated across Europe and became the one day each year when organized labour could present its goals to the public, an eight-hour workday being the first concrete demand, shortly followed by those for improved working conditions, universal suffrage, peace among nations, and international solidarity. The May Day ritual celebration was the self-assertion and self-definition of the new labour class through class organization. Thus, it was trade unions and social democratic and socialist parties throughout Europe which took the initiative and have sustained May Day as a labour ritual to this day. Part I of this theoretically-informed volume explores how May Day demonstrations have evolved and taken different trajectories in different political contexts. Part II focuses on May Day rituals today. By comparing demonstration level data of over 2000 questionnaires from six countries, including Belgium, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK, the reader is able to gain a thorough understanding of how participants are bestowing meaning on May Day rituals. By concluding with reflections on the future of the May Day ritual in Western Europe, this ground-breaking book provides a detailed analysis of its evolution as a protest event.

Hearings

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Un-American Activities

Published: 1957

Total Pages: 1566


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