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The Foreign Investment Advisory Service, a joint facility of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the World Bank, was established to help governments of developing member countries to review and adjust the policies, institutions, and programmes that affect foreign direct investment (FDI). The ultimate purpose of FIAS is to assist member governments to attract beneficial foreign private capital, technology, and managerial expertise.
Consumers in most parts of the world now have global access to products beyond those offered in their countries and cultures. This new space for comparison defined by globalization can result in very different purchasing behaviors, including those influenced by the 'country of origin'. This book investigates this effect, one of the most controversial fields of consumer literature, from a company perspective. In particular, it demonstrates the strategic relevance of the country of origin in creating and making use of the value in foreign markets. It also addresses the challenges connected with utilizing the value of the country of origin by considering different entry modes and international marketing channels. Further, it considers the role of international importers and international retailers’ assortment strategies in terms of value creation in foreign markets. Combining theory and practice, the book features diverse company perspectives and interviews with importers and retailers.
This is the first-ever book about product and country images. It discusses the nature and role and influence of product-country images in international marketing strategy and consumer behavior. Thousands of companies use country identifiers as part of their international marketing strategy, and hundreds of researchers have studied the ways in which these identifiers influence behavior. As markets become more international, the more prominently the origin of products will figure in sellers' and buyers' decisions. The time is ripe for practitioners and academicians to delve into the insights offered in this seminal volume so as to better prepare for meeting the competitive challenges of the global marketplace. Product-Country Images is a wide-ranging and state-of-the-art book offering specific information and case studies to further understanding of the various aspects of this complex topic.
'The approach of the chapters that comprise this volume is academically rigorous and at the same time managerially relevant, which is why I believe the book helps to push the made-in research agenda forward at the same time as it provides practitioners with new ideas they can apply to their brands.' – Nicolas Papadopoulos, Carleton University, Canada The country of origin of goods and services can have positive or negative effect on customers' intentions to purchase. This book analyzes the impact of this effect on the international development of Italian companies in emerging markets. The chapters refer to a wide range of issues, including made-in effects in relation to ethnocentrism and to corporate social responsibility in small and medium-sized enterprises; the interactions and synergistic effects between product-related made-in images and the images of places as tourism destinations; distribution channel issues; 'made-in topics' in relation to emerging markets; and a review of the relevant literature on country of origin effects. The contributors propose strategies and tools that companies might leverage to develop their international marketing and suggest policies that might strengthen these efforts. This original work will prove to be a valuable resource for students and researchers of international marketing and strategy as well as policy makers.
Modern marketing practices have evolved to become a dynamic meeting point for technology practitioners and business professionals. Digital technologies have added a new paradigm to the way businesses are projected, communicated, and developed through their marketing activities, from message delivery to content production. Digital Marketing Strategies and Models for Competitive Business is a collection of innovative research that seeks to connect theory with application, identifying best practices over digital marketing to business purposes. While highlighting topics including consumer analysis, search engine marketing, and marketing communications, this book is ideally designed for marketers, managers, executives, advertisers, graphic designers, researchers, practitioners, entrepreneurs, policymakers, and educators.
This book illustrates how multinational corporations (MNCs) solve the business-to-business or industrial marketing problems they encounter in markets in large emerging countries. The author finds that traditional ideas and frameworks used for analyzing, forming and implementing international business marketing strategy in mature markets are in need of adjustment before they are applied to emerging country markets. Accordingly, the author develops the institutional network approach to address the specific challenges afforded by these markets.
A recent coinage within international relations, “nation branding” designates the process of highlighting a country’s positive characteristics for promotional purposes, using techniques similar to those employed in marketing and public relations. Nation Branding in Modern History takes an innovative approach to illuminating this contested concept, drawing on fascinating case studies in the United States, China, Poland, Suriname, and many other countries, from the nineteenth century to the present. It supplements these empirical contributions with a series of historiographical essays and analyses of key primary documents, making for a rich and multivalent investigation into the nexus of cultural marketing, self-representation, and political power.
Country of origin and consumer ethnocentrism are evolving constructs as consumers’ perception of country, state, or region changes over time. Understanding consumer motivations and attitudes towards a country and its products can provide valuable insights for marketing strategies. This book explores the phenomena of consumer ethnocentrism and country-of-origin effect on the food market using examples from Polish retailers. The book aims to determine how appeals to the domestic or foreign country-of-origin provided through claims, symbols, labels, and quality signs can affect consumer attitudes and food purchase intentions as well as to contextualise consumer behaviour issues in the broader picture of the entire system of food production and distribution. The reader will gain a comprehensive understanding of consumer ethnocentrism and country-of-origin effect on the food market based on a series of original research studies conducted in Poland. The combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods provides novel and valuable insights into the phenomena under study. Based on original research, this innovative volume will be a valuable resource for consumer behaviour, food marketing, and international marketing scholars and students.
Intended for those taking an advanced course in international marketing, this book deals with issues facing today's global marketing managers. It aims to provide readers with the competitive orientation and strategies necessary for initial market entry, market expansion and global rationalization. The text is supported by numerous real-company examples, as well as six in-depth cases that consider business activities in North America, Europe and Asia.