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he popular and often misunderstood Mandukya Upanishad is considered the "king" of the Upanishads because its simple, elegant logic in the hands of an accomplished teacher removes the belief that the Self is a finite entity, revealing its limitless fullness. The famous commentaries of Gaudapada, a great sage of the Vedantic sampradaya, presents a radical Creation teaching, non-origination. Creation teachings are important because the Upanishads unequivocally state that reality is non-dual consciousness/existence. If it is, then how can we explain the presence of duality, which we continually experience?
This book, first published in 1962, is an analysis of the history of the philosophy of a country that has never distinguished philosophy from religion. Indian philosophy is not merely metaphysical speculation, but has its foundation in immediate perception. This insistence upon immediate perception rather than abstract reasoning is what distinguishes the Indian philosophy of religion from philosophy as Western nations know it.
The Upanishads are called shruti, revelations. Mandukya Upanishad, though the shortest of all Upanishads, is a revered, profound Upnaishad that teaches us about four states of consciousness: the waking, dreaming and sleeping states and Turiya, the fourth state, beyond the first three. In this Upanishad, there is a unique combination of psychology and profound philosophy, a clear exposition of the four states of consciousness.
Learn the rudiments of Sanskrit to enable you to read the script, pronounce words and look them up in a dictionary. Sanskrit for Seekers utilizes the ITRANS transliteration scheme commonly found on the Internet. ,
Gaudapada was one of the world’s greatest philosophers in seventh-century India. He invokes the mystical symbol ‘AUM’ (pronounced as ‘ohm’) pointing to the three states of consciousness (waking, dreaming and deep sleep) and the nature of reality itself. In the text on which this book is based, he writes that the waker, dreamer and deep-sleeper are like the roles that an actor plays at various times. All three states are the result of ignorance and error. Who we really are is the fourth aspect – the actor himself. If you see or feel a ‘thing’, then that ‘thing’ is not ‘real.’ So the waking world is no more real than the dream. ‘You’ have never been born. Nothing has ever been created. Causality is a myth. Discover your true nature to be Existence-Consciousness, without limitations, undivided and infinite, prior to time and space. Incredible? Read...and be convinced by the irrefutable logic of Gaudapada.
It is a common misconception that a spiritual seeker must have faith in a god or divine entity to achieve self-realization. When one understands the teachings of the Upanishads, enlightenment is possible here and now without the word "God." The Mandukya Upanishad is for those students who want to practice spirituality without resorting to unnecessary abstract concepts. The Mandukya Upanishad provides a comprehensive map for the inward journey that shows the individual the way from the mundane to the eternal. It describes this state as the ultimate reality and the goal of human existence. When one understands the teachings of the Upanishads, then one realizes that life itself is a sort of worship that can shine on the altar of infinity. --From Chapter 1, "Awakening"
Isha Upanishad is the first among eleven principal Upanishads on which Shankara has written a commentary. He shows that the performance of actions cannot remove our ignorance. Knowledge alone can dispel it. I have done a comprehensive analysis of this fact in the preface due to its importance. If we are attached to the results of our actions, the scriptures prescribe the performance of rituals; however, if we seek liberation, it is the path of knowledge that the scriptures prescribe. Our ignorance hides the ever-present non-dual reality as the clouds hide the sun that creates them by absorbing the water. Self-knowledge destroys this veil of ignorance. In this state, one identifies with the universal oneness, where there is no second. Hence, there cannot be any hatred, illusion, or disappointment.