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Macrophages are a key component of the innate immune system and play an integral role in host defense and homeostasis. On one hand, these cells contribute to host defence by triggering inflammation, displaying microbicidal/tumoricidal properties, regulating the activation of adaptive immunity and promoting resolution of inflammation. On the other hand, they contribute to essential trophic functions such as neural patterning, bone morphogenesis and ductal branching in mammary glands. Thus, macrophages are extremely versatile cells that can respond efficiently to tissue micro environmental cues by polarizing to distinct phenotypes, depending on the functions they need to perform. Indeed, functional diversity and plasticity are hallmarks of these cells. Macrophages may also play a detrimental role. An overwhelming body of literature has indicated their crucial role in pathogenesis. The list includes sepsis, cancer, metabolic syndrome, immunodeficiency, auto-immune disease-virtually impacting every major pathology that we know. These observations have suggested macrophages and their related molecules as potential targets in therapeutic applications. Available evidence proclaims macrophages as a key player in homeostasis, host defense and disease. Crucial developments in the past few years call for a re-evaluation and update of our understanding of macrophages. The present book is an endeavour that attempts provide state-of-the art knowledge of these cells in health and disease.
Macrophages are the sentinels of the immune system whose role has evolved beyond providing aseptic conditions to homeostasis, immune regulation, development, and behaviour. These cells have varied ontogenetic origins which reflects in their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. Macrophage functions are fine-tuned by exogenous and endogenous signals and once tweaked, the information is included in their genetic makeup, albeit not indefinitely. Subversion of the macrophage functions is the hallmark of many pathogenic organisms and modulation of macrophage activity is pivotal to many therapeutic strategies. Fascinating and rapid developments in this field have necessitated the maintenance of currency of knowledge. This book provides a current account of information on varied topics in macrophage biology. Literature surveys have been presented in a captivating and lucid language. The contributing authors have also provided brief accounts of their own research. Every chapter provides a future perspective of what more could be achieved in the context of the current knowledge. The book will be of interest to students and researchers in microbiology, immunobiology, translational research, pathology, and related fields.
The Macrophage, second edition provides a unique, comprehensive review of the current scientific knowledge of the multifaceted role of this important and intriguing cell in health and disease. In 16 chapters, written by experts in the field, it covers the basic biology and diverse functions of macrophages in specific diseases and the complex interactions between macrophages and other cells. Ranging from their role in the defence against pathogens, their role as hosts for pathogens (including HIV), their complex roles in diseases such as arthritis and cancer, and their potential for use in novel gene therapy approaches to disease treatment, the book gives an up to the minute account of active macrophage research.
Macrophages Biology and Tissue Inflammation in Health and Disease outlines the important role of macrophages—keys cells in the innate immune system—as regulators and orchestrators of inflammation and repair in health and disease. It contains chapters by leading authors on the basic and translational aspects of macrophage biology, covering how to maintained tissue homeostatis and how to deal with internal and external biological threats. Outlines the important role of macrophages as regulators and orchestrators of inflammation and repair in health and disease Contains chapters by leading authors on the basic and translational aspects of macrophage biology in maintaining tissue homeostasis Deals with internal and external treats
One, No one, One Hundred Thousand - The Multifaceted Role of Macrophages in Health and Disease - Part A, provides in-depth reviews on the last progresses on the role of macrophages in health and diseases with a special focus on the role of macrophages in SARS-COV2, breast cancer, liver and salivary glands. Provides accurate reviews from selected experts on the topic of macrophages in different tissues such as lung, uterus, breast and liver Each chapter of the volume provides useful graphic material for ease of reading of the audience Provides the latest insights and future perspectives on macrophage heterogeneity in different diseases
One, No One, One Hundred Thousand - The Multifaceted Role of Macrophages in Health and Disease - Part B, Volume 369 provides in-depth reviews on the last progresses on the role of macrophages in health and diseases, with a special focus on the role of macrophages during development. New chapters cover The role of salivary gland macrophages in infection, disease and repair, Reprogramming or replacing brain macrophages to treat neurodegenerative disease, Targeting macrophages for cancer immunotherapy, Heart Macrophages at steady-state and disease: simple bystanders or active players?, Macrophages in the liver, and Developmental programming of macrophages. Provides accurate reviews from selected experts on the topic of macrophages in different tissues such as gut, kidney and heart Presents useful graphic material for ease of reading and learning for users Covers the latest insights and future perspectives on macrophage heterogeneity in different diseases
In recent years increased scientific attention has been given to immediate defense mechanisms based on non-clonal recognition of microbial components. These mechanisms constitute the innate immunity arm of the body s defense. Identification of pathogens by these mechanisms involves primarily receptors recognizing sugar moieties of various microorganisms. Innate immunity based mechanisms are essential for the existence of multicellular organisms. They are evolutionarily conserved and designed to provide immediate protection against microbial pathogens to eradicate infection. Activation of innate immunity is crucial for transition to specific immunity and for its orientation, and to assist the specific immune response in the recognition of pathogens and their destruction. Innate immunity is regularly involved in the arrest of bacterial, mycotic, viral and parasitic infections, giving the specific immune response time to become effective. It becomes critically essential in immunocompromised patients who fail to mount specific immune responses due to congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies as a result of chemotherapy, dialysis, immunosuppressive drugs, or HIV infection. The Innate Immunity arsenal constitutes polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes, mast cells, the complement system, Natural Killer cells, antimicrobial peptides, and presumably a subset of T lymphocytes with TCRl receptors.
Through recent research, there has been a significant number of findings involving the biology of macrophages. Beyond the 1st line of defense, macrophages have several specific characteristics across different tissues, organs, and systems. Macrophages comprehend a heterogeneous phagocytic population with wide range phenotypes, and tissue-specific functions, such as bone resorption, extracellular matrix production, red blood cells and bacteria removal, among others. Through innate immune receptors macrophages can modulate several pathways that culminate in the production of various types of inflammatory mediators such as chemokines, cytokines, oxygen reactive species, and lipid mediators which ultimately altered the behavior of other cells. Moreover, environment signals modify and induce metabolic reprograming that it alters phenotype and functions.Macrophages in the Human Body: A Tissue Level Approach presents a current overview of the diversity of macrophages across multiple human body systems, their phenotype, function and metabolic characteristics. It covers translational aspects where there is research support to indicate the therapeutic potential. Covers translational aspects where there is research support to indicate potential therapeutic potential Aims at presenting a current overview of the diversity of macrophages across multiple human body systems, their phenotype, function and metabolic characteristics Introduces Macrophages generally and dive into the organ/tissue/specific representations covering their phenotype, function, and metabolic characteristics Brings updated aspects of macrophages biology
In recent years, researchers around the globe have deep dived into the fascination world of the Macrophage and its diverse role in tissue development, angiogenesis, and wound healing, and above all the untapped mystery of the wondering immune system within our body. Macrophages and their role in inflammation includes all the latest information of macrophages and inflammation as well as it provides an in-depth understanding of this complex and rapidly progressing field of study. Outlines the role of macrophages in inflammation Contains chapters by leading authors on the basic and translational aspects of macrophage biology Deals with internal and external treats