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Studies have been conducted to evaluate the low-cycle high-stress fatigue behavior of several ship steels under a variety of loading conditions. On the basis of these tests and related studies reported in the literature a general hypothesis describing the cumulative effect of plastic deformations has been developed. With this hypothesis the deformation obtained in a single loading may be used to describe or predict the basic low-cycle fatigue behavior of mild steels for lives up to approximately 1,000 cycles. Furthermore, limited correlations with existing data from other investigations suggest that it may also be possible to extend the hypothesis to metals other than steel. (Author).
This book provides practicing engineers, researchers, and students with a working knowledge of the fatigue design process and models under multiaxial states of stress and strain. Readers are introduced to the important considerations of multiaxial fatigue that differentiate it from uniaxial fatigue.
A review is presented of available information on the behavior of brittle and ductile materials under conditions of thermal stress and thermal shock. For brittle materials, a simple formula relating physical properties to thermal-shock resistance are derived and used to determine the relative significance of two indices currently in use for rating materials. The importance of simulating operating conditions in thermal-shock testing is deduced from the formula and is experimentally illustrated by showing that BeO could be both inferior or superior to Al2O3 in thermal shock depending on the testing conditions. For ductile materials, thermal-shock resistance depends upon the complex interrelation among several metallurgical variables which seriously affect strength and ductility. These variables are briefly discussed and illustrated from literature sources. The importance of simulating operating conditions in tests for rating ductile materials is especially to be emphasized because of the importance of testing conditions in metallurgy. A number of practical methods that have been used to minimize the deleterious effects of thermal stress and thermal shock are outlined.