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The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, also referred as 9/11, was an iconic event in US history that altered the global and political response to terrorism. The attacks, which involved two planes hitting the twin towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, resulted in the collapse of the buildings and over 2800 deaths of occupants of the buildings, fire, police and other responders and persons on the street in the vicinity of the collapsing buildings. The destroyed towers and the surrounding buildings have since been replaced but the health effects that resulted from the release of tons of dust, gases and debris as well as the life threat trauma are ongoing, and represent a major health burden among persons directly exposed. Hundreds of scientific publications have documented the physical and mental health effects attributed to the disaster. The current state-of-the-art in understanding the ongoing interactions of physical and mental health, especially PTSD, and the unique mechanisms by which pollutants from the building collapse, have resulted in long term pulmonary dysfunction, course of previously reported conditions, potential emerging conditions (e.g., heart disease and autoimmune diseases), as well as quality of life, functioning and unmet health care needs would be in the purview of this Special Issue on the 9/11 Disaster.
The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, also referred as 9/11, was an iconic event in US history that altered the global and political response to terrorism. The attacks, which involved two planes hitting the twin towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, resulted in the collapse of the buildings and over 2800 deaths of occupants of the buildings, fire, police and other responders and persons on the street in the vicinity of the collapsing buildings. The destroyed towers and the surrounding buildings have since been replaced but the health effects that resulted from the release of tons of dust, gases and debris as well as the life threat trauma are ongoing, and represent a major health burden among persons directly exposed. Hundreds of scientific publications have documented the physical and mental health effects attributed to the disaster. The current state-of-the-art in understanding the ongoing interactions of physical and mental health, especially PTSD, and the unique mechanisms by which pollutants from the building collapse, have resulted in long term pulmonary dysfunction, course of previously reported conditions, potential emerging conditions (e.g., heart disease and autoimmune diseases), as well as quality of life, functioning and unmet health care needs would be in the purview of this Special Issue on the 9/11 Disaster.
The Oklahoma City bombing, intentional crashing of airliners on September 11, 2001, and anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001 have made Americans acutely aware of the impacts of terrorism. These events and continued threats of terrorism have raised questions about the impact on the psychological health of the nation and how well the public health infrastructure is able to meet the psychological needs that will likely result. Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism highlights some of the critical issues in responding to the psychological needs that result from terrorism and provides possible options for intervention. The committee offers an example for a public health strategy that may serve as a base from which plans to prevent and respond to the psychological consequences of a variety of terrorism events can be formulated. The report includes recommendations for the training and education of service providers, ensuring appropriate guidelines for the protection of service providers, and developing public health surveillance for preevent, event, and postevent factors related to psychological consequences.
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, caused tremendous loss of life, property, and income, and the resulting response from public and private organizations was unprecedented. This monograph examines the benefits received by those who were killed or seriously injured on 9/11 and the benefits provided to individuals and businesses in New York City that suffered losses from the attack on the World Trade Center. The authors examine the performance of the compensation system--insurance, tort, government programs, and charity--in responding to the losses stemming from 9/11.
The Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) killed nearly 2,800 people & caused human suffering, physical destruction & econ. loss. One legacy of the disaster is its lasting effect on the physical & mental health of individuals who survived the attacks. In Sept. 2006, the Mayor estab. a panel of all City agencies that serve individuals affected by WTC-related illnesses. He asked it to examine the health impacts of 9/11 & to develop recommend. to ensure: that WTC health resources are sufficient to ensure that everyone whose health was affected by the WTC attacks gets the care they deserve; & that City policies regarding WTC-related health issues are coordinated & responsive to current & emerging health care needs. Illustrations.

9/11 Health Effects

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Subcommittee on Government Management, Organization, and Procurement

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 120


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The most comprehensive account to date of the 9/11 attack on the Pentagon and aftermath, this volume includes unprecedented details on the impact on the Pentagon building and personnel and the scope of the rescue, recovery, and caregiving effort. It features 32 pages of photographs and more than a dozen diagrams and illustrations not previously available.
A heartfelt collection of extraordinary first-person accounts that delve into every level of the experience of 9/11 Out of the infamy of 9/11 and its aftermath people rose up with courage and determination to meet formidable challenges. On the Ground After September 11: Mental Health Responses and Practical Lessons Gained is a stirring compilation of over a hundred personal and professional first-hand accounts of the entire experience, from the moment the first plane slammed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center, to the months mental health professionals worked to ease the pain and trauma of others even while they themselves were traumatized. This remarkable chronicle reveals the breadth and depth of human need and courage along with the practical organizational considerations encountered in the responses to terrorist attacks. The goal of any terrorist act is to instill psychosocial damage to a society to effect change. On the Ground After September 11 provides deep insight into the damage the attack had on our own society, the failures and victories within our response systems, and the path of healing that mental health workers need to travel to be of service to their clients. Personal accounts written by the professionals and public figures involved reveal the broad range of responses to this traumatic event and illuminate how mental health services can most effectively be delivered. Through the benefit of hindsight, recommendations are described for ways to better finance assistance, adapt the training of mental health professionals, and modify organizations’ response to the needs of victims in this type of event. Reading these unique personal accounts of that day and the difficult days that followed provides a thoughtful, moving, rational view of what is truly needed in times of disaster. On the Ground After September 11 includes the first-person experiences and lessons learned from the people of: NYU Downtown Hospital NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene NY Metropolitan Transportation Council St. Paul’s Chapel St. Vincent Hospital - Manhattan Safe Horizon LifeNet WTC Incident Command Center at NYC Medical Examiner’s office New Jersey’s Project Phoenix Massachusetts Department of Mental Health the military psychiatric response to the Pentagon attack Connecticut’s Center for Trauma Response, Recovery, and Preparedness the Staten Island Relief Center Barrier Free Living Inc. for people with disabilities the Federal Emergency Management Agency Alianza Dominicana, Inc. Staten Island Mental Health Society the United Airlines Emergency Response Team for Flight 93 The Center for Trauma Response, Recovery, and Preparedness (CTRP) Disaster Mental Health Services (DMHS) at Dulles International Airport the American Red Cross the Respite Center at the Great White Tent HealthCare Chaplaincy The Salvation Army the Islamic Circle of North America The Coalition of Voluntary Mental Health Agencies, Inc. F*E*G*S the Jewish Board of Family and Children's Services (JBFCS) and many, many more On the Ground After September 11: Mental Health Responses and Practical Lessons Gained poignantly illustrates that regardless of profession, culture, religion, or age, every life touched by 9/11 will never be the same. This is essential reading for counselors, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, therapists, trauma specialists, educators, and students.
"For the first two years of its existence, the Mayor's WTC Medical Working Group (MWG) reviewed the large body of scientific literature about the health impacts of the 2001 terrorist attacks that had accumulated to date. After summarizing the major findings in two comprehensive annual reports (see page 3) and sharing them with legislators in city and federal government, as well as other stakeholders, the MWG began addressing specific areas of interest at each of its meetings. At its September 2009 meeting, the MWG invited nearly a dozen stakeholders, including representatives of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), academia, labor and community, and the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene shared an early draft of the WTC Health Registry's 2010-2011 survey. This survey, the third that the Registry will conduct, is especially critical as it will continue to examine the health of up to 70,000 people exposed to the WTC disaster nearly a decade later, not just those who have sought treatment for 9/11-related illness. MWG meeting participants offered many valuable suggestions, including increasing emphasis on development of chronic conditions such as heart disease and cancer; adding more questions about depression, which often develops in people who have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); and continued probing about how enrollees access and utilize health care. In its December 2009 meeting, the MWG focused on long-term 9/11-related mental illness sequelae. In addition to the WTC Centers of Excellence, several providers with experience in service delivery participated in the meeting along with a representative from NIOSH. Together, these providers have treated thousands of New Yorkers for PTSD related to the 2001 terrorist attacks. Access to care, the current capacity for treating what appears to be a high burden of 9/11-related PTSD and mental health comorbidities, and the use of evidence-based practices in treating 9/11-related mental illness were among the topics discussed. At the April 2010 meeting, representatives from the three WTC Centers of Excellence and the WTC Health Registry each made presentations about the complex methodological questions associated with preliminary cancer investigations among their overlapping study cohorts. The Fire Department of New York (FDNY) and the WTC Health Registry, which have both begun determining the number of confirmed cancer diagnoses through 2006 within their cohorts, agreed they would co-chair a conference of outside experts, including biostatisticians and cancer epidemiologists, to help address these analytic questions and to provide invited researchers tracking each of the WTC cohorts with shared guidance for their continued analyses using the best methods available. As a result of this two-day conference, which took place in June 2010, the WTC Medical Working Group endorsed several recommendations (see page 12) that have been accepted by the WTC Centers of Excellence and the WTC Health Registry about the methods that they should use in their cancer investigations going forward. The topic of the August 2010 meeting was mortality among people who were exposed to the WTC disaster, which is closely tracked by the New York State Department of Health and the WTC Health Registry. This discussion, which took place after this report went to press, will be summarized in the 2011 MWG annual report. The WTC Medical Working Group has reviewed nearly 250 studies published from 2001 to 2010 that are relevant to its mission. The majority of these studies examined the short-term health effects of people exposed to the WTC disaster 1-4 years later. Nine years after the attack on 9/11, an increasing number of studies have progressed to the stage where mid-term health effects are now being described and analyzed. These studies indicate that while the majority of people exposed to the WTC disaster are healthy and symptom-free, thousands of individuals - including rescue, recovery and clean-up workers and people who lived, worked or went to school in Lower Manhattan on 9/11- have developed chronic, and often co-occurring, mental and physical health conditions. New research examining firefighters and emergency medical service workers and published in the New England Journal of Medicine this year (see summary beginning on page 5) demonstrates that lung damage in this group has persisted for at least 6 years. This longitudinal research, however, did not assess the impact of treatment, which may have helped to restore lung function or prevent further deterioration among many of the 13,000 individuals who were studied. Another FDNY study suggests that airway obstruction, not interstitial lung disease, is the predominant lung injury among WTC-exposed rescue workers. In general, health findings remain remarkably consistent across WTC studies and are summarized here."--NIOSHTIC-2.