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Written for those who wish to learn Prolog as a powerful software development tool, but do not necessarily have any background in logic or AI. Includes a full glossary of the technical terms and self-assessment exercises.
This volume contains most of the papers presented at the 6th Logic Programming Conference held in Tokyo, June 22-24, 1987. It is the successor of Lecture Notes in Computer Science volumes 221 and 264. The contents cover foundations, programming, architecture and applications. Topics of particular interest are constraint logic programming and parallelism. The effort to apply logic programming to large-scale realistic problems is another important subject of these proceedings.
The topic of logic programming and databases. has gained in creasing interest in recent years. Several events have marked the rapid evolution of this field: the selection, by the Japanese Fifth Generation Project, of Prolog and of the relational data model as the basis for the development of new machine archi tectures; the focusing of research in database theory on logic queries and on recursive query processing; and the pragmatic, application-oriented development of expert database systems and of knowledge-base systems. As a result, an enormous amount of work has been produced in the recent literature, coupled with the spontaneous growth of several advanced projects in this area. The goal of this book is to present a systematic overview of a rapidly evolving discipline, which is presently not described with the same approach in other books. We intend to introduce stu dents and researchers to this new discipline; thus we use a plain, tutorial style, and complement the description of algorithms with examples and exercises. We attempt to achieve a balance be tween theoretical foundations and technological issues; thus we present a careful introduction to the new language Datalog, but we also focus on the efficient interfacing of logic programming formalisms (such as Prolog and Datalog) with large databases.
Probabilistic Logic Programming extends Logic Programming by enabling the representation of uncertain information. Probabilistic Logic Programming is at the intersection of two wider research fields: the integration of logic and probability and Probabilistic Programming. Logic enables the representation of complex relations among entities while probability theory is useful for model uncertainty over attributes and relations. Combining the two is a very active field of study. Probabilistic Programming extends programming languages with probabilistic primitives that can be used to write complex probabilistic models. Algorithms for the inference and learning tasks are then provided automatically by the system. Probabilistic Logic programming is at the same time a logic language, with its knowledge representation capabilities, and a Turing complete language, with its computation capabilities, thus providing the best of both worlds. Since its birth, the field of Probabilistic Logic Programming has seen a steady increase of activity, with many proposals for languages and algorithms for inference and learning. Foundations of Probabilistic Logic Programming aims at providing an overview of the field with a special emphasis on languages under the Distribution Semantics, one of the most influential approaches. The book presents the main ideas for semantics, inference, and learning and highlights connections between the methods. Many examples of the book include a link to a page of the web application http://cplint.eu where the code can be run online.
The papers collected in this volume are most of the material presented at the Advanced School on Mathematical Models for the Semantics of Parallelism, held in Rome, September 24- October 1, 1986. The need for a comprehensive and clear presentation of the several semantical approaches to parallelism motivated the stress on mathematical models, by means of which comparisons among different approaches can also be performed in a perspicuous way.
This volume contains the presentations of the Fifth Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS 88) held at the University of Bordeaux, February 11-13, 1988. In addition to papers presented in the regular program the volume contains abstracts of software systems demonstrations which were included in this conference series in order to show applications of research results in theoretical computer science. The papers are grouped into the following thematic sections: algorithms, complexity, formal languages, rewriting systems and abstract data types, graph grammars, distributed algorithms, geometrical algorithms, trace languages, semantics of parallelism.
This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Software (TACS 2001) held at Tohoku U- versity, Sendai, Japan in October 2001. The TACS symposium focuses on the theoretical foundations of progr- ming and their applications. As this volume shows, TACS is an international symposium, with participants from many di?erent institutions and countries. TACS 2001 was the fourth symposium in the TACS series, following TACS’91, TACS’94, and TACS’97, whose proceedings were published as Volumes 526, 789, and 1281, respectively, of Springer-Verlag’s Lecture Notes in Computer Science series. The TACS 2001 technical program consisted of invited talks and contributed talks. In conjunction with this program there was a special open lecture by Benjamin Pierce; this lecture was open to non-registrants. TACS 2001 bene?ted from the e?orts of many people; in particular, members of the Program Committee and the Organizing Committee. Our special thanks go to the Program Committee Co-chairs: Naoki Kobayashi (Tokyo Institute of Technology) Benjamin Pierce (University of Pennsylvania).
Aerodynamics and hydrodynamics are still the main domains that make greater use of flow visualization and classical optical techniques such as schlieren and interferometry than of more recent techniques such as holography speckle, laser light sheets, laser-induced tracers and laser-induced fluorescence. A number of studies are now under way on turbulent and vortex flows, within boundary layers or wakes, in the mixing layer of two flows. Other studies concern jets, two-phase flows and air-water interface. To review and discuss developments in flow visualization, four international symposia have been held. Following Tokyo, Bochum and Ann Arbor, the Fourth International Symposium on Flow Visualization (ISFV 4) was held in Paris in August 1986.
The generic term "graph-grammars" refers to a variety of methods for specifying (possibly infinite) sets of graphs or sets of maps. The area of graph-grammars originated in the late 60s motivated by considerations concerning pattern recognition - since then the list of areas which have interacted with the development of graph-grammars has grown quite impressively. It includes pattern recognition, software specification and development, VLSI layout schemes, data bases, lambda-calculus, analysis of concurrent systems, massively parallel computer architectures, incremental compilers, computer animation, complexity theory, developmental biology, music composition, representation of physical solids, and many others. This volume is based on the contributions presented at the third international workshop on graph-grammars and their applications, held in Warrenton, Virginia, USA in December 1986. Aiming at the best possible representation of the field not all of the papers presented at the meeting appear in this volume and some of the papers from this volume were not presented at the workshop. The volume consists of two parts: Part I presents tutorial introductions to a number of basic graph and map rewriting mechanisms. Part II contains technical contributions. This collection of papers provides the reader with an up-to-date overview of current trends in graph-grammars.