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The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib) is a pre-normative organization. 'Pre-normative' implies pioneering work in codification. This work has now been realized with the fib Model Code 2010. The objectives of the fib Model Code 2010 are to serve as a basis for future codes for concrete structures, and present new developments with regard to concrete structures, structural materials and new ideas in order to achieve optimum behaviour. The fib Model Code 2010 is now the most comprehensive code on concrete structures, including their complete life cycle: conceptual design, dimensioning, construction, conservation and dismantlement. It is expected to become an important document for both national and international code committees, practitioners and researchers. The fib Model Code 2010 was produced during the last ten years through an exceptional effort by Joost Walraven (Convener; Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands), Agnieszka Bigaj-van Vliet (Technical Secretary; TNO Built Environment and Geosciences, The Netherlands) as well as experts out of 44 countries from five continents.
Corrosion-resistant, electromagnetic transparent and lightweight fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are accepted as valid alternatives to steel in concrete reinforcement. Reinforced Concrete with FRP Bars: Mechanics and Design, a technical guide based on the authors more than 30 years of collective experience, provides principles, algorithms, and pr
"In 1993, the CEB Commission 2 Material and Behavior Modelling established the Task Group 2.5 Bond Models. It's terms of reference were ... to write a state-of-art report concerning bond of reinforcement in concrete and later recommend how the knowledge could be applied in practice (Model Code like text proposal)... {This work} covers the first part ... the state-of-art report."--Pref.
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement has been used in construction as either internal or external reinforcement for concrete structures in the past decade. This book provides the latest research findings related to the development, design and application of FRP reinforcement in new construction and rehabilitation works. The topics include FRP properties and bond behaviour, externally bonded reinforcement for flexure, shear and confinement, FRP structural shapes, durability, member behaviour under sustained loads, fatigue loads and blast loads, prestressed FRP tendons, structural strengthening applications, case studies, and codes and standards. Contents: .: Volume 1: Keynote Papers; FRP Materials and Properties; Bond Behaviour; Externally Bonded Reinforcement for Flexure; Externally Bonded Reinforcement for Shear; Externally Bonded Reinforcement for Confinement; FRP Structural Shapes; Volume 2: Durability and Maintenance; Sustained and Fatigue Loads; Prestressed FRP Reinforcement and Tendons; Structural Strengthening; Applications in Masonry and Steel Structures; Field Applications and Case Studies; Codes and Standards. Readership: Upper level graduates, graduate students, academics and researchers in materials science and engineering; practising engineers and project managers
These proceedings present high-level research in structural engineering, concrete mechanics and quasi-brittle materials, including the prime concern of durability requirements and earthquake resistance of structures.
Essential reading for researchers, practitioners, and engineers, this book covers not only all the important aspects in the field of corrosion of steel reinforced concrete but also discusses new topics and future trends. Theoretical concepts of corrosion of steel in concrete structures, the variety of reinforcing materials and concrete, including stainless steel and galvanized steel, measurements and evaluations, such as electrochemical techniques and acoustic emission, protection and maintenance methods, and modelling, latest developments, and future trends in the field are discussed. - Comprehensive coverage of the corrosion of steel bars in concrete, investigating the range of reinforcing materials, and types of concrete - Introduces the latest measuring methods, data collection, and advanced modeling techniques - Second edition covers a range of new, emerging topics such as the concept of chloride threshold value, concrete permeability and chloride diffusion, the role of steel microstructure, and innovations in corrosion detection devices
Structural behavior of reinforced concrete elements strongly depends on the interaction between the reinforcing bars and the surrounding concrete, which is generally referred as “bond in concrete”. In service conditions, the reinforcement-to-concrete bond governs deformability through the tension stiffening of concrete surrounding the bar as well the crack development and crack width. At Ultimate Limit State, bond governs anchorage and lap splices behavior as well as structural ductility. When plain (smooth) bars were used, the steel-to-concrete bond was mainly associated with “chemical adhesion/friction” that is related to the surface roughness of the rebar. As steel strengths increased the need to enhance interaction between steel and the surrounding concrete was recognized, and square twisted rebars, indented rebars or, later on, ribbed rebars came into the market, the latter being the type of deformed bar most commonly adopted since the 1960/70s. When ribbed rebars became widely used, several research studies started worldwide for better understanding the interaction between ribs and the surrounding concrete. Researchers evidenced the development of micro-cracks (due to the wedge action of the ribs) towards the external face of the structural element. If confinement is provided by the concrete cover, by transverse reinforcement or by an external transverse pressure, the full-anchorage capacity is guaranteed and a pull-out failure occurs, with crushing of concrete between the ribs. On the contrary, with lesser confining action, a splitting failure of bond occurs; the latter may provoke a brittle failure of the lap splice or, in some cases, of anchorages. However, after many years of research studies on bond-related topics, there are still several open issues. In fact, new materials entered into the market, as concrete with recycled aggregates or fibre reinforced concrete; the latter, having a kind of distributed reinforcement into the matrix (the fibres), provides a better confinement to the wedge action of the ribs. In addition, concrete and steel strength continuously increased over the years, causing changes in the bond behavior due to differences in mechanical properties of materials but also to the different concrete composition at the interface with the steel rebar causing a different bond behavior. Moreover, the lower water/cement ratio of these high-strength concrete makes the bleeding phenomena less evident, changing the concrete porosity in the upper layers of the structural element and thus making the current casting position parameters no-longer reliable. Finally, concrete with recycled aggregates are becoming more important in a market that is looking forward to a circular economy. As such, all the experimental results and database that allowed the calibration of bond rules now present in building codes for conventional concrete, may be not be representative of these new types of materials nowadays adopted in practice. Furthermore, after more than 50 years of service life, structural elements may not satisfy the current safety requirements for several reasons, including material degradation (with particular reference to steel corrosion) or increased loads, by also considering the seismic actions that were non considered by building codes at the time of the original design. The structural assessment of existing structures requires proper conceptual models and new approaches for evaluating the reliability of existing structures by also considering the remaining expected service life. In addition, specific rules for older materials, as plain smooth bars, should be revised for a better assessment of old structures. Last, but not least, interventions in existing structures may require new technologies now available such as post-installed rebars. While many advances have been achieved, there remain areas where a better understanding of bond and its mechanisms are required, and where further work is required to incorporate this understanding into safe and economic rules to guide construction and maintenance of existing infrastructures. These aspects were widely discussed within the technical community, particularly in the fib Task Group 2.5 and in the ACI 408 Committee dealing with bond and anchorage issues. Furthermore, special opportunities for discussing bond developments were represented by the International Conferences on ‘Bond in Concrete’ held each decade since 1982 as well as by joint workshops organized by fib TG2.5 and ACI 408. Within this technical collaboration, this Bulletin was conceived, and, thus, it collects selected papers presented at the joint fib-ACI Convention Session on Bond in Concrete held in Detroit (USA) in 2017. The bulletin is based on four main Sections concerning: - General aspects of bond - Anchorages and laps of bars and prestressing tendons - Bond under severe conditions - Degradation of bond for corrosion - Bond in new types of concrete The main aim of the Bulletin is to shed some new lights on the advances in understanding and application of bond related issues achieved over the last few years, and identify the challenges and priorities to be addressed in the next years. Another important aspect of the bulletin is to provide practical information from research findings.