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The importance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can hardly be overemphasized in today’s academic and professional arena. More professionals and academics have been using GIS than ever – urban
A sufficient supply of good quality drinking water is essential for health and productivity of livestock. In Jordan, goat production is an integral part of farming systems and plays a significant role for the food security of rural households. Jordan is one of the poorest countries in the world in terms of water availability with no positive prognosis due to its susceptibility to the impacts of climate change. This study evaluates the seasonal availability, quality, accessibility and utilization of goats’ drinking water sources in different production systems of two agro-ecological zones in the Karak Governorate in southern Jordan, investigates the perception of farmers about breed differences with respect to their tolerance to water restrictions and production, and assesses the productive and economic performance of goats under different production systems and conditions of water availability with emphasis on water as a core element. Methods used comprised a questionnaire survey with 120 goat keepers, focus group discussions, laboratory analysis of water quality parameters, on-farm measurements of goat body weight and evaluation of body condition score.
The Mediterranean area shows a great diversity of livestock systems, depending on local resources and traditions, but also on the networking space where informational resources are available for producers. During the last decades, a lot of innovations have been conceived or introduced in the Mediterranean area, allowing livestock systems to remain competitive. The book looks at two main issues: firstly, it gives an updated review on the main innovations that significantly changed the activities of livestock production in the Mediterranean area in the recent past. Secondly, the focus lies on the extent to which these innovations improve the efficiency, ensure the socio-cultural basis or reduce the environmental impact of livestock systems. One major finding is a new vision of innovating systems based on the distinction between regulated innovation (when aims are fixed) and innovative design (when aims are questioned). Innovations reported in the book are dealing with a set of concerns. They concern the production techniques, the work organization, the equipment and infrastructures, the collective features for selection, reproduction, feeding or sanitary devices. They also concern the local organization such as product labelling, new dynamics around local breeds, collective rules for supply basin or approaches of new products for new markets. More recently, some innovations focus on environmental impacts of livestock production, due to an increasing consciousness of those kinds of problems. In the final part of the book, a round table copes with a crucial question: are traditions in Mediterranean livestock activities to be considered an obstacle or a source of innovation? This book provides a set of updated information and knowledge useful for researchers, students, extension services and policy-makers in the field of animal science.
Text siehe Volume I