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'Lighting Engineering: Applied Calculations' describes the mathematical background to the calculation techniques used in lighting engineering and links them to the applications with which they are used. The fundamentals of flux and illuminance, colour, measurement and optical design are covered in detail. There are detailed discussions of specific applications, including interior lighting, road lighting, tunnel lighting, floodlighting and emergency lighting. The authors have used their years of experience to provide guidance for common mistakes and useful techniques including worked examples and case studies. The last decade has seen the universal application of personal computers to lighting engineering on a day-to-day basis. Many calculations that were previously impracticable are therefore now easily accessible to any engineer or designer who has access to an appropriate computer program. However, a grasp of the underlying calculation principles is still necessary in order to utilise these technologies to the full. Written by two of the leading authorities on this subject, 'Lighting Engineering' is essential reading for practising lighting engineers, designers and architects, and students in the field of lighting.
This text aims to expose students to the science of optics and optical engineering without the complications of advanced physics and mathematical theory.
Complete with checklists and forms, this step-by-step guide tells everything the facilities management professional needs to know about conducting lighting surveys and audits in a commercial or industrial facility. Lighting audits are required when companies undertake lighting retrofits and related projects in order to improve their lighting systems. The best way to ensure maximum performance of the new systems, maximize return on investment, and prove energy savings (in order to qualify for financial assistance or meet government targets) is to start with a comprehensive lighting audit. Public and private incentives along with recent energy saving advances in lighting technology have motivated companies to turn to energy saving solutions. Written by one of the nation's leading authorities on lighting and the education of lighting professionals, this practical handbook provides the auditor with the solid, useful information needed to accomplish accurate surveys and audits.
2003 Paul Bunge Prize of the Hans R. Jenemann Foundation for the History of Scientific Instruments Judging the brightness and color of light has long been contentious. Alternately described as impossible and routine, it was beset by problems both technical and social. How trustworthy could such measurements be? Was the best standard of inten
Leading scientists offer a collection of essays that furnish illuminating explanations of recent discoveries in modern astrophysics--from the Big Bang to black holes--the possibility of life on other worlds, and the emerging technologies that make such research possible, accompanied by incisive profiles of such key figures as Carl Sagan and Georges Lemaetre. Original.
This guide shows how the concepts used in lighting design arise from the needs of the designer and the user. These concepts are shown in a practical context to enable you to develop and improve your design skills. Through examples and exercises, this book makes it easier for the student to acquire the level of understanding, knowledge and skill required for both examinations and professional training purposes. Over the past two decades there has been an increasing emphasis on the need for architects and building professionals to have a better understanding of lighting and the ability to deal with lighting matters within the context of the built environment. Lighting is no longer considered to be primarily the province of the electrical engineer. Previously a separate subject in the professional examinations, lighting is often now found in a more general area within an architecture or building course.
A multidisciplinary reference of engineering measurement tools, techniques, and applications "When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the stage of science." — Lord Kelvin Measurement is at the heart of any engineering and scientific discipline and job function. Whether engineers and scientists are attempting to state requirements quantitatively and demonstrate compliance; to track progress and predict results; or to analyze costs and benefits, they must use the right tools and techniques to produce meaningful data. The Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering is the most comprehensive, up-to-date reference set on engineering and scientific measurements—beyond anything on the market today. Encyclopedic in scope, Volume 3 covers measurements in physics, electrical engineering and chemistry: Laser Measurement Techniques Magnetic Force Images using Capacitive Coupling Effect Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Measurement of Light and Color The Detection and Measurement of Ionizing Radiation Measuring Time and Comparing Clocks Laboratory-Based Gravity Measurement Cryogenic Measurements Temperature-Dependent Fluorescence Measurements Voltage and Current Transducers for Power Systems Electric Power and Energy Measurement Chemometrics for the Engineering and Measurement Sciences Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Measurements of Nitrotyrosine-Containing Proteins Fluorescence Spectroscopy X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy Nanomaterials Properties Chemical Sensing Vital for engineers, scientists, and technical managers in industry and government, Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering will also prove ideal for academics and researchers at universities and laboratories.