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Who has rights to forests and forest resources? In recent years governments in the South have transferred at least 200 million hectares of forests to communities living in and around them . This book assesses the experience of what appears to be a new international trend that has substantially increased the share of the world's forests under community administration. Based on research in over 30 communities in selected countries in Asia (India, Nepal, Philippines, Laos, Indonesia), Africa (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana) and Latin America (Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Nicaragua), it examines the process and outcomes of granting new rights, assessing a variety of governance issues in implementation, access to forest products and markets and outcomes for people and forests . Forest tenure reforms have been highly varied, ranging from the titling of indigenous territories to the granting of small land areas for forest regeneration or the right to a share in timber revenues. While in many cases these rights have been significant, new statutory rights do not automatically result in rights in practice, and a variety of institutional weaknesses and policy distortions have limited the impacts of change. Through the comparison of selected cases, the chapters explore the nature of forest reform, the extent and meaning of rights transferred or recognized, and the role of authority and citizens' networks in forest governance. They also assess opportunities and obstacles associated with government regulations and markets for forest products and the effects across the cases on livelihoods, forest condition and equity. Published with CIFOR

Libro de lecturas ...

TALLER SOBRE REFORMA DE LAS POLITICAS DE GOBIERNO RELACIONADAS CON LA CONSERVACION Y. EL DESARROLLO FORESTAL EN AMERICA LATINA

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 318


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The rapid loss of tropical forests, particularly in the developing world, has been a global concern since the late 1980s and has prompted a variety of international initiatives to save the forests. In 1991, the World Bank responded to global concerns and to criticism by nongovernmental organizations by forming a conservation-oriented forest strategy. Managing a Global Resource is an outgrowth of the independent evaluation conducted by the World Bank's Operations Evaluation Department and discusses how effectively that strategy was implemented. In this detailed investigation, Uma J. Lele explores why the loss of forests and biodiversity has been so rapid in some developing countries (Brazil, Indonesia, and Cameroon) and not in others (China, India, and Costa Rica). She assesses future prospects for conservation in these six countries by critically examining their policies, institutional arrangements, and emerging national and international instruments to conserve forests and biodiversity. Together these six countries account for 25 percent of the world's forest cover and 44 percent of the world's population. Managing a Global Resource presents case studies of the forest sectors of each country in the context of overall development policies, interest groups, and governance issues. Lele's investigation finds a fundamental divergence in forest-rich countries between the global objectives of conservation and the local objectives of development and private profit. In some forest-poor countries, in contrast, natural resource loss has led the countries on their own accord to adopt a variety of conservation-oriented policies and programs. Despite the greater congruence between the global and national objectives in these forest-poor countries, competing demands on their resources and the constraints on their policies, institutions, and human capital make it difficult for them to affect forest and biodiversity conservation. This volume makes it clear that
Costa Rica was once one of the most deforested countries in the world. Today it is a pioneer in reforestation, forest management, and forest protection policies. The report describes the evolution of these policies since the 1950s, focusing on internal and external influences, particularly those of the World Bank. This case study is one of six evaluations of the implementation of the World Bank's 1991 Forest Strategy
An interdisciplinary journal that publishes original research and surveys of current research on Latin America and the Caribbean.
Los bosques y su gobernanza han sido objeto de creciente atención en los últimos años. Un factor que ha estimulado este interés es el reconocimiento del hecho que la deforestación contribuye de forma importante a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Son múltiples los factores que afectan la conservación, manejo y aprovechamiento sostenible de los bosques, o influyen sobre las presiones que existen sobre las tierras forestales, los que usualmente están vinculados con condiciones más generales de gobernanza que afecta a los bosques. En la actualidad, el mayor desafío para la investigación sobre la gobernanza forestal es analizar cómo se han gobernado diversos valores y usos forestales, extraer lecciones sobre las causas de éxito y fracaso, e identificar futuras opciones y respuestas de políticas para un cambio transformador si los bosques y REDD+ han de lograr su potencial esperado. Los artículos de esta edición presentan diferentes perspectivas de la gobernanza forestal en América Latina vinculados con una amplia gama de temas que se encuentran en la intersección entre REDD+ y la gobernanza forestal, con implicaciones para la reforma de políticas y el uso de los recursos forestales, la transformación de los paisajes forestales, los derechos y medios de vida de la población, y la distribución de bienes y servicios forestales. Aunque los artículos que aquí se incluyen no responden a las múltiples preguntas. que han surgido sobre gobernanza y REDD+, ellos contribuyen a ampliar nuestro conocimiento y proporcionan una importante perspectiva regional.