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A. CORBIN Investigations on LHRH and its analogs have just completed their first decade. We have witnessed a veritable explosion of chemical, physiologic and pharmacologic data on this hypothalamic peptide and the approximately 1500 agonist and antagonist analogs that have been synthesized. In order to track this expanding field, I was asked to organize an international symposium on basic and clinical aspects of LHRH analogs as part of the Reproductive Health Care: CDS Symposium held in Maui, Hawaii, in October 1982. This meeting brought together a number of the leading investigators in the field. Much new state-of-the-art information was presented which I and my colleagues felt deserved a wider audience. Drs Vickery, Nestor, and Hafez consented to undertake this task. Upon review of the literature, it was apparent that there was no recent text which fully covered the breadth of developments in the field. Accordingly, the editors decided to use the symposium as a nucleus on which to build a singular, comprehensive state-of-the-art analysis of this rapidly growing discipline, and the application of such knowledge to reproductive medicine. As exemplified by the various areas of expertise provided by the individual contributors, it becomes obvious that the scope of the subject matter, while relating solely to a well-defined chemical class (LHRH analogs) and a circumscribed physiologic and pharmacologic entity (reproduction), has expanded enormously.
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Atrophy of gonadotrophin producing cells Exogenously LH synthesis administered androgens and release or anabolic steroids are decreased Prostate Testes Normal function. Testosterone synthesis in The deficit of endogenously Leydig cells is decreased. The synthesized testosterone is exogenously administered compensated for by the steroid is not able to exogenously administered compensate for the deficit of steroid endogenously synthesized testosterone Figure 2 Intratesticular and serum testosterone concentrations after treatment with andro gens or anabolic steroids in order to substitute for the peripheral androgen deficiency and to achieve azoospermia. Because this steroid is alkylated in position 17, toxic effects on liver function can not be excluded. Danazol offers no advantages as compared with other anabolic steroids; rather, disadvantages. Numerous experiments of this type have been performed during the last 40 or 50 years. The outcome in each case was more or less identical: with a certain dose of an androgen or anabolic steroid it is possible to inhibit spermatogenesis without interfering with other androgen-dependent func tions, including libido (potentia coeundi) and accessory sexual glands. On the basis of this pharmacological-endocrinological background, androgens and anabolic steroids can be used for male fertility control, and several clinical trials have been performed during the last 10-15 years. Some of 1 these studies 2-23 are mentioned in Table 2.
The eleventh monograph and meeting of the Foundation on "Hormon al Control of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis" was held in October 1983 at the Weizmann Institute of Science. This monograph honors the memory of Professor Hans R. Lindner, a productive and innovative scientist greatly respected and admired by his col leagues. When addressing the opening session I remarked that my impres sion of the Weizmann Institute was one or two large buildings hous ing the various departments. This was my first visit to Israel and I was overwhelmed by the beautiful semi-tropical gardens of the in stitute, in a setting of shrubs and trees, orange groves and flow ers. Sited among this seventy-five acres are over fifty buildings and residential areas for the staff and visiting scientists. I saw pictures of this area when Dr. Chaim Weizmann founded in 1934, the Daniel Sieff Research Institute, the forerunner of the Weizmann In stitute. The site was sand dunes without a blade of grass. That the desert shall bloom is illustrative of the progress made in Is rael. The topics of the monograph are grouped into twelve sections.
The twentieth century will close with 5 billion people added to the current global population. Between 1980 and the year 2000, the total world population will increase from 4 billion 10 a liUle over 6 billion. There will be half as many morc people on earth during these 20 years than the number accumulated since the origin of man to 1980. Overpopulation is particularly acute in economically developing countries, where contraception has become a social necessity. Comraceplion Researcll for Today and Ihe Nineties carries the proceedings of an international symposium convened in New Delhi in October, 1986, to review the status of current research in contraception. Major organizations supporting basic and applied research in contraception-The Population Council, World Health Organization (WHO), The Rockefeller Foundation, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), International Development Research Center of Canada (IDRC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)- were represented by the heads of divi sions who projected respective programs and strategies. Principal scientists responsible for many of the new leads participated.
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.