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This book explores the evolution of New Towns in France and the UK in a number of areas (governance, planning and heritage) and assess whether their legacy can inspire current planned settlements.
This book explores the evolution of New Towns in France and the UK in a number of areas (governance, planning and heritage) and assess whether their legacy can inspire current planned settlements.
Neue Städte: Materialisierungen ihrer Zeit an einem konkreten Ort. Neue Städte sind Ausdruck einer Utopie: Mit ihnen sollte die Wohnungsnot im kriegszerstörten Europa gelöst, Wohnraum für groß angelegte Industrialisierungsprojekte und die Verwirklichung einer modernen Lebensweise ermöglicht werden. Zugleich stellten sie Repräsentation von Herrschaft und Raumkontrolle dar. Neue Städte altern jedoch schneller als andere Städte. Grund sind Strukturwandel und soziale Veränderungen. Es erfolgten Abrisse, aber auch denkmalpflegerische Rekonstruktion und der Aufbau Neuer Städte an anderen Orten. Die Beiträge des Buches beschreiben den Wandel der Neuen Stadt seit 1945 und verfolgen ihre Entwicklung bis zur Gegenwart - mit Beispielen aus Frankreich, Großbritannien, Albanien, Polen, Ungarn, Israel und China. Dabei geht es auch um die urbane und historische Authentizität der Neuen Stadt und den jeweiligen Umgang mit der eigenen Geschichte.
Looking at the lessons we can learn from international research in urban and regional planning, this book explores the challenges in using cross-country studies. The contributors address how to approach researching planning in other countries, and how to then diffuse the planning information. Key topics include: comparable urban data, and how to use it working with international agencies methodological issues in cross-country research translating theory into practice Case studies include researching new towns in France and Poland, and problems doing empirical work in Eastern Europe.
The postwar British city was been shaped by many international forces during the last century, but American influences on British urban research and urban planning have been particularly significant. Beginning with debates about reconstruction during the Second World War, Anglo-American Crossroads explores how Americanisation influenced key approaches to town planning, from reconstruction after 1945 to the New Urbanism of the 1990s. Clapson pays particular attention to the relationship between urban sociological research and planning issues since the 1950s. He also addresses the ways in which American developers and planners of new communities looked to the British new towns and garden city movement for inspiration. Using a wide range of sources, from American Foundation Archives to town planning materials and urban sociologies, Anglo-American Crossroads shows that although some things went wrong in translation from the USA to Britain, there were also some important successes within a transatlantic dialogue that was more nuanced than a one-dimensional process of American hegemony.
Originally published in 1978. At the time this book was published, new towns were cropping up as a matter of public policy in "advanced industrial countries," yet the United States abandoned this project and deemed new towns "inappropriate and impractical for the American situation." The purpose of this book is to inform planners and policy makers around the world about French new towns. It analyzes what French new towns tried to accomplish; the administrative, financial, and political reforms needed to secure implementation of the program; and the achievements of the new towns. The author's evaluation of French new towns is undertaken with an eye to international applicability. In the United States, new towns have been proposed as a means for integrating low-income families into suburbs that are otherwise closed to them. The French experience demonstrates that socially heterogeneous new communities can be developed, even within the framework of a market system, if a sufficiently high priority is placed on the effort.
Why technology is not an end in itself, and how cities can be “smart enough,” using technology to promote democracy and equity. Smart cities, where technology is used to solve every problem, are hailed as futuristic urban utopias. We are promised that apps, algorithms, and artificial intelligence will relieve congestion, restore democracy, prevent crime, and improve public services. In The Smart Enough City, Ben Green warns against seeing the city only through the lens of technology; taking an exclusively technical view of urban life will lead to cities that appear smart but under the surface are rife with injustice and inequality. He proposes instead that cities strive to be “smart enough”: to embrace technology as a powerful tool when used in conjunction with other forms of social change—but not to value technology as an end in itself. In a technology-centric smart city, self-driving cars have the run of downtown and force out pedestrians, civic engagement is limited to requesting services through an app, police use algorithms to justify and perpetuate racist practices, and governments and private companies surveil public space to control behavior. Green describes smart city efforts gone wrong but also smart enough alternatives, attainable with the help of technology but not reducible to technology: a livable city, a democratic city, a just city, a responsible city, and an innovative city. By recognizing the complexity of urban life rather than merely seeing the city as something to optimize, these Smart Enough Cities successfully incorporate technology into a holistic vision of justice and equity.
In the west, the design of new towns has always been based on an ideal model in accordance with the ideas of that moment. In the case of the latest generation of new towns in Asia, however, only quantitative and marketing principles seem to play a role: the number of square metres, dwellings or people, or the greenest, most beautiful or most technologically advanced town. "Rising in the east" shows which design principles these premises are based on.