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"All the authorities on the subject, I believe, are collected in this excellent book." Sir Frederick Pollock, The Genius of the Common Law Although it is not known exactly when trial by combat, battle, or duel began as a method of conflict resolution, its origin certainly goes back before the feudal era. Neilson focuses on Britain and Scotland and traces this tradition from before the Middle Ages to the Appeal of Murder Act of 1819. CONTENTS PART I. PRELIMINARY: EUROPE 1. Before the Middle Ages 2. King Gundobald, A.D. 501 3. Mode of Battle 4. Among the Norsemen 5. The Church 6. Decadence and Extinction PART II. ORIGIN IN BRITAIN 7. A Question Stated 8. Norse Evidence 9. English and Scotch Evidence 10. The Question Answered PART III. ENGLAND, 1066-1300: LAW 11. Legal Outline 12. Sketch of Procedure 13. The Duel in Finance 14. The Approver 15. The Champion 16. Some Churchmen's Champions 17. Another Champion's Contract 18. Three Early Duels, A.D. 1096-1163 19. A Hibernian Hero 20. Charters and Charter Stories 21. An Incident, A.D. 1267 22. Reactionary Signs 23. Review and Prospect PART IV. SCOTLAND TILL 1300: LAW 24. In Early Scotland 25. Under David the First 26. Under William the Lion 27. Writ of Right 28. The Battle 29. An Argument 30. Exemptions from Duel 31. Regiam Majestâtem 32. In the Regiam 33. Crime in the Regiam 34. Under Alexander II and after 35. The Duel Described 36. March Law 37. 'The Lawis of Merchis, ' A.D. 1249 38. Recorded Duels from 1155 39. A Great Trial, A.D. 1242 40. Merse and Kyle, A.D. 1264-66. 41. Baron Courts of the Bruces, A.D. 1292 42. By 1300 PART V. ENGLAND, 1300-1603: LAW AND CHIVALRY Section First - THE DUEL OF LAW 43. Continued Decline after 1300 4. The Prior of Tynemouth's Champion 45. Magic, A.D. 1355 46. The Last Approver's Duel, A.D. 1456 47. An Elizabethan Scene, A.D. 1571 Section Second-THE DUEL OF CHIVALRY 48. A French Edict, A.D. 1306 49. The Rise of Chivalry 50. Precedents, A.D. 1350-52 51. Transmarine Treason, A.D. 1380-84 52. The Court of Chivalry 53. In Chaucer 54. A Contrast and Conclusion 55. Richard II 56. A Royal Jest, A.D. 1399 57. Some Treason-Duels 58. The end of Chivalry 59. A Summary with an Exception PART VI. SCOTLAND, 1300-1603: CHIVALRY 60. Before Bannockburn 61. Before Halidon Hill 62. The Law and Custom in 1354 63. Three half-told Stories, 1362-95 64. Border Duels till 1396 65. 'Vegetius' in Scotland 66. 'The Maner of Battale' 67. International Tilting 68. A New Conclusion 69. Precedents for the Inch of Perth 70. Preliminaries - Inch of Perth 71. The Inch of Perth, A.D. 1396 72. Facts and Suppositions, 1398-1412 73. On 'The Order of Combats' 74. 'The Order of Combats' 75. The Scottish Court of Chivalry 76. Stray Duels, A.D. 1426-56 77 In Parliament and Burgh Court 78. Note on the Passing of Chivalry 79. Pitscottie's Dutchman, A.D. 1500 80. John Major's Homily 81. Under James V 82. Rise of Private Duels 83. An Interlude, A. D. 1549. 84. Two Historic Cartels 85. The last Trial by Combat 86. The Act of Parliament of 1600 87. A Final Episode 88. On the Borders 89. Scottish Summary PART VII. BRITAIN, 1603-1819 90. Last Words on Scotland 91. England under James I 92. England under Charles I 93. Appeal of Murder Act, 1819 94. The End
In Anarchy Unbound, Peter T. Leeson uses rational choice theory to explore the benefits of self-governance. Relying on experience from the past and present, Professor Leeson provides evidence of anarchy 'working' where it is least expected to do so and explains how this is possible. Provocatively, Leeson argues that in some cases anarchy may even outperform government as a system of social organization, and demonstrates where this may occur. Anarchy Unbound challenges the conventional self-governance wisdom. It showcases the incredible ingenuity of private individuals to secure social cooperation without government and how their surprising means of doing so can be superior to reliance on the state.
Social scientists and policy makers have long been interested in the causes and consequences of peace and conflict. This Handbook brings together contributions from leading scholars who take an economic perspective to study the topic. It includes thirty-three chapters and is divided into five parts: Correlates of Peace and Conflict; Consequences and Costs of Conflict; On the Mechanics of Conflict; Conflict and Peace in Economic Context; and Pathways to Peace. Taken together, they demonstrate not only how the tools of economics can be fruitfully used to advance our understanding of conflict, but how explicitly incorporating conflict into economic analysis can add substantively to our understanding of observed economic phenomena. Some chapters are largely empirical, identifying correlates of war and peace and quantifying many of the costs of conflict. Others are more theoretical, exploring a variety of mechanisms that lead to war or are more conducive to peace.
Tells the story of the border reivers: clan-loyal raiders, freebooters, plunderers, and rustlers who worked the border between England and Scotland from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries.