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The transition from whole numbers to rational numbers and the associated mastery of the multiplicative conceptual field constitute an important development in lower secondary schooling. This study draws primarily on the theory of conceptual fields as a framework that is mathematical and enables a cognitive perspective by identifying the concepts- and theorems-in-action that lead to underlying concepts and theorems. Application of the Rasch model configures the location of both item difficulty and learner proficiency on one scale. Diagnostics explore the validity of the instrument for measurement. The ordering of items enables the analysis of hierarchical conceptual strands and additional insights into the mastery of concepts by subsets of learners at particular levels. The resulting matrix, of interactions of learner proficiency and item complexity, provides an overview of the concepts attained and not yet mastered. These insights permit teacher interventions specific to each learner subset at a shared common current zone of proximal development along the scale. Caroline Long has received her doctorate in Mathematics Education from the University of Cape Town in 2011 and is Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Education at the University of Pretoria, where she is responsible for teaching mathematics education courses, and modules on assessment. She is also Deputy Director at the Centre for Evaluation and Assessment. Her primary research foci are mathematics education, professional development, teacher agency and assessment. Current work relies on collaboration with researchers at other South African institutions, and in Australia, Canada, England, Germany, India, the Netherlands, Scotland and the USA.
Help students reveal the math behind the words "I don’t get what I’m supposed to do!" This is a common refrain from students when asked to solve word problems. Solving problems is about more than computation. Students must understand the mathematics of a situation to know what computation will lead to an appropriate solution. Many students often pluck numbers from the problem and plug them into an equation using the first operation they can think of (or the last one they practiced). Students also tend to choose an operation by solely relying on key words that they believe will help them arrive at an answer, without careful consideration of what the problem is actually asking of them. Mathematize It! Going Beyond Key Words to Make Sense of Word Problems, Grades 6–8 shares a reasoning approach that helps students dig into the problem to uncover the underlying mathematics, deeply consider the problem’s context, and employ strong operation sense to solve it. Through the process of mathematizing, the authors provide an explanation of a consistent method—and specific instructional strategies—to take the initial focus off specific numbers and computations and put it on the actions and relationships expressed in the problem. Sure to enhance teachers’ own operation sense, this user-friendly resource for Grades 6–8: · Offers a systematic mathematizing process for students to use when solving word problems · Gives practice opportunities and dozens of problems to leverage in the classroom · Provides specific examples of questions and explorations for multiplication and division, fractions and decimals, as well as operations with rational numbers · Demonstrates the use of visual representations to model problems with dozens of short videos · Includes end-of-chapter activities and reflection questions How can you help your students understand what is happening mathematically when solving word problems? Mathematize it!
Extensive research is available on language acquisition and the acquisition of mathematical skills in early childhood. But more recently, research has turned to the question of the influence of specific language aspects on acquisition of mathematical skills. This anthology combines current findings and theories from various disciplines such as (neuro-)psychology, linguistics, didactics and anthropology.
This book defines over 3,000 terms from the field of education to assist those charged with teaching students to become global citizens in a rapidly changing, technological society. John W. Collins and Nancy Patricia O'Brien, coeditors of the first edition of The Greenwood Dictionary of Education published in 2003, have acknowledged and addressed these shifts. This revised second edition supplements the extensive content of the first through greater focus on subjects such as neurosciences in educational behavior, gaming strategies as a learning technique, social networking, and distance education. Terms have been revised, where necessary, to represent changes in educational practice and theory. The Dictionary's focus is on current and evolving terminology specific to the broad field of education, although terms from closely related fields used in the context of education are also included. Encompassing the history of education as well as its future trends, the updated second edition will aid in the understanding and use of terms as they apply to contemporary educational research, practice, and theory.
Two of the most important concepts children develop progressively throughout their mathematics education years are additivity and multiplicativity. Additivity is associated with situations that involve adding, joining, affixing, subtracting, separating and removing. Multiplicativity is associated with situations that involve duplicating, shrinking, stressing, sharing equally, multiplying, dividing, and exponentiating. This book presents multiplicativity in terms of a multiplicative conceptual field (MCF), not as individual concepts. It is presented in terms of interrelations and dependencies within, between, and among multiplicative concepts. The authors share the view that research on the mathematical, cognitive, and instructional aspects of multiplicative concepts must be situated in an MCF framework.
"Efforts to improve mathematics teaching and learning globally have led to the ever-increasing interest in searching for alternative and effective instructional approaches from others. Students from East Asia, such as China and Japan, have consistently outperformed their counterparts in the West. Yet, Bianshi Teaching (teaching with variation) practice, which has been commonly used in practice in China, has been hardly shared in the mathematics education community internationally. This book is devoted to theorizing the Chinese mathematical teaching practice, Bianshi teaching, that has demonstrated its effectiveness over half a century; examining its systematic use in classroom instruction, textbooks, and teacher professional development in China; and showcasing of the adaptation of the variation pedagogy in selected education systems including Israel, Japan, Sweden and the US. This book has made significant contributions to not only developing the theories on teaching and learning mathematics through variation, but also providing pathways to putting the variation theory into action in an international context.“This book paints a richly detailed and elaborated picture of both teaching mathematics and learning to teach mathematics with variation. Teaching with variation and variation as a theory of learning are brought together to be theorized and exemplified through analysis of teaching in a wide variety of classrooms and targeting both the content and processes of mathematical thinking. Highly recommended.” – Kaye Stacey, Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Education, University of Melbourne, Australia “Many teachers in England are excited by the concept of teaching with variation and devising variation exercises to support their pupils’ mastery of mathematics. However, fully understanding and becoming proficient in its use takes time. This book provides a valuable resource to deepen understanding through the experiences of other teachers shared within the book and the insightful reflections of those who have researched this important area. – Debbie Morgan, Director for Primary Mathematics, National Centre for Excellence in the Teaching of Mathematics, United Kingdom"
With cooperation of Aline Robert, Janine Rogalski, Maha Abboud-Blanchard, Claire Cazes, Monique Chappet-Pariès, Aurélie Chesnais, Christophe Hache, Julie Horoks, Eric Roditi & Nathalie Sayac. This book presents unique insights into a significant area of French research relating the learning and teaching of mathematics in school classrooms and their development. Having previously had only glimpses of this work, I have found the book fascinating in its breadth of theory, its links between epistemological, didactic and cognitive perspectives and its comprehensive treatment of student learning of mathematics, classroom activity, the work of teachers and prospective teacher development. Taking theoretical perspectives as their starting points, the authors of this volume present a rich array of theoretically embedded studies of mathematics teaching and learning in school classrooms. Throughout this book the reader is made aware of many unanswered questions and challenged to consider associated theoretical and methodological issues. For English-speaking communities who have lacked opportunity to access the French literature the book opens up a wealth of new ways of thinking about and addressing unresolved issues in mathematics learning, teaching and teacher education. I recommend it wholeheartedly! (Extract from Barbara Jaworski’s preface.)
"This reference brings together an impressive array of research on the development of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics curricula at all educational levels"--Provided by publisher.
A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Institute of Education - University of London