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The contributors analyse and contrast the need and demand for RIT performance measurement and evaluation within the US and European innovation and policy making systems. They assess current US and European RIT evaluation practices and methods in key areas, discuss applications of new evaluative approaches and consider strategies that could lead to improvements in RIT evaluation design and policies.
This timely book brings together cutting-edge research on the important subject of science and innovation (S&I) policies. The contributors - distinguished social science scholars - tackle the key challenges of designing and implementing public policies in the context of the new knowledge economy. They provide an extensive overview of the most advanced methods for designing, monitoring, and evaluating S&I policies, and analyse current applications in a wide-ranging selection of fields along the innovation supply chain, from legal and institutional landscapes to the industrial sector. Topics dis.
This 2-volume set within the SAGE Reference Series on Leadership tackles issues relevant to leadership in the realm of science and technology. To encompass the key topics in this arena, this handbook features 100 topics arranged under eight headings. Volume 1 concentrates on general principles of science and technology leadership and includes sections on social-scientific perspectives on S&T leadership; key scientific concepts about leading and innovating in S&T; characteristics of S&T leaders and their environments; and strategies, tactics, and tools of S&T leadership. Volume 2 provides case studies of leadership in S&T, with sections considering leadership in informal communities of scientists and engineers; leadership in government projects and research initiatives; leadership in industry research, development, and innovation; and finally, leadership in education and university-based research. By focusing on key topics within 100 brief chapters, this unprecedented reference resource offers students more detailed information and depth of discussion than typically found in an encyclopedia entry but not as much jargon, detail or density as in a journal article or a research handbook chapter. Entries are written in language and style that is broadly accessible, and each is followed by cross-references and a brief bibliography and further readings. A detailed index and an online version of the work enhances accessibility for today′s student audience.
Topics include the Martin liberals and changing ISE policies, the federal sustainable development strategy process, the National Research Council’s response to changing federal agendas, a comparison of Canadian and UK innovation strategies, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, innovation strategy and the mining supply and service sector, environmental industries and the role of the Canadian Environmental Technology Advancement Centres, local innovation and source water protection, and information disclosure as an environmental policy instrument.
Based on case studies, this book presents lessons and good practices on a range of governance mechanisms used for international co-operation in STI to address global challenges.
Each year, approximately 5,000 fatal work-related injuries and 4 million non-fatal injuries and illnesses occur in the United States. This number represents both unnecessary human suffering and high economic costs. In order to assist in better evaluating workplace safety and create safer work environments, the Institute of Medicine conducted a series of evaluations of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) research programs, assessing the relevance and impact of NIOSH's work on improving worker safety and health.
The Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) - a program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology - has sought for more than two decades to strengthen American manufacturing. It is a national network of affiliated manufacturing extension centers and field offices located throughout all fifty states and Puerto Rico. Funding for MEP Centers comes from a combination of federal, state, local and private resources. Centers work directly with manufacturing firms in their state or sub-state region. MEP Centers provide expertise, services and assistance directed toward improving growth, supply chain positioning, leveraging emerging technologies, improving manufacturing processes, work force training, and the application and implementation of information in client companies through direct assistance provided by Center staff and from partner organizations and third party consultants. 21st Century Manufacturing seeks to generate a better understanding of the operation, achievements, and challenges of the MEP program in its mission to support, strengthen, and grow U.S. manufacturing. This report identifies and reviews similar national programs from abroad in order to draw on foreign practices, funding levels, and accomplishments as a point of reference and discusses current needs and initiatives in light of the global focus on advanced manufacturing,
Adopting curriculum vitae (CV) analysis method, this book collects CVs of university faculty from 109 universities of "The Double First Class University Plan" in China, and systematically analyses the mobility pattern of faculty in China for the first time. Examining the overall mobility frequency of Chinese faculty and its growing rate, the authors predict that after the epidemic, with the growing number of returned overseas talents, there may be a third wave of faculty mobility. They demonstrate that East Asia, the United States and Europe are the main channels for the inward talent mobility to China, and there are significant differences in China’s faculty mobility among different regions, disciplines and genders, which deserves further investigation. Furthermore, they argue the influencing factors of faculty mobility between China and foreign countries are highly different too. Scholars and students of Chinese higher education, international and comparative education may find this book helpful, and benefit from the analysis framework of Push and Pull Theory as long as CV analysis method.
Research for the developing world can generate evidence on the effectiveness of foreign aid, invent new technologies that serve poor people, and strengthen research capabilities in poor countries. How do countries determine which of these policy goals to pursue? Examining the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia reveals how each country established a unique approach to research funding. Programs and grantmaking evolved in response to various expectations across government, tempered by the need to remain credible in the scientific community. This book explores the histories of the UK Department for International Development (DFID), Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC), and the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR). Looking back, changes in research governance encouraged a shift towards whole-of-government priorities, shorter timeframes for realizing results, and performance predicated on academic productivity and research impact. Whereas funders used to encourage 'small is beautiful' with local experiments in development, today the emphasis is on 'getting to scale' delivering innovation through self-financing models. Looking forward, research for the developing world is fading as part of development assistance, yet rising as collaboration on common global challenges. Funders are adopting new definitions of performance and actively shaping policy to connect science and international development. Leaders are brokering partnerships that connect research governance at home and abroad, bridging the incentives towards academic productivity and research impact. In short, the future of research for the developing world is moving from foreign aid to science diplomacy.