Download Free Lead Seeking Approaches Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Lead Seeking Approaches and write the review.

High quality leads provide the foundation for the discovery of successful clinical development candidates, and therefore the identi?cation of leads is an essential part of drug discovery. The process for the identi?cation of leads generally starts with the screening of a compound collection, either an HTS of a relatively large compound collection (hundreds of thousands to one million plus compounds) or a more focused screen of a smaller set of compounds that have been preselected for the target of interest. Virtual screening methods such as structure-based or pharmacophore-based searches can complement or replace one of the above approaches. Once hits are identi?ed from one or more of these screening methods, they need to be thoroughly characterized in order to con?rm activity and identify areas in need of optimization. Finally, once fully characterized hits are identi?ed, preliminary optimization through synthetic modi?cation is carried out to generate leads. Parallel optimization of all properties, including biological, physicochemical, and ADME is the most ef?cient approach to the identi?cation of leads. Hit characterization is described in the previous chapter. The focus of this chapter is on hit optimization and the identi?- tion of leads. After a general overview of these processes, examples taken from the literature since 2001 will be used to illustrate speci?c points. There are also a number of excellent reviews covering the lead identi?cation process [1–6].
Estimates indicate that as many as 1 in 4 Americans will experience a mental health problem or will misuse alcohol or drugs in their lifetimes. These disorders are among the most highly stigmatized health conditions in the United States, and they remain barriers to full participation in society in areas as basic as education, housing, and employment. Improving the lives of people with mental health and substance abuse disorders has been a priority in the United States for more than 50 years. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 is considered a major turning point in America's efforts to improve behavioral healthcare. It ushered in an era of optimism and hope and laid the groundwork for the consumer movement and new models of recovery. The consumer movement gave voice to people with mental and substance use disorders and brought their perspectives and experience into national discussions about mental health. However over the same 50-year period, positive change in American public attitudes and beliefs about mental and substance use disorders has lagged behind these advances. Stigma is a complex social phenomenon based on a relationship between an attribute and a stereotype that assigns undesirable labels, qualities, and behaviors to a person with that attribute. Labeled individuals are then socially devalued, which leads to inequality and discrimination. This report contributes to national efforts to understand and change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors that can lead to stigma and discrimination. Changing stigma in a lasting way will require coordinated efforts, which are based on the best possible evidence, supported at the national level with multiyear funding, and planned and implemented by an effective coalition of representative stakeholders. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change explores stigma and discrimination faced by individuals with mental or substance use disorders and recommends effective strategies for reducing stigma and encouraging people to seek treatment and other supportive services. It offers a set of conclusions and recommendations about successful stigma change strategies and the research needed to inform and evaluate these efforts in the United States.
Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.
Providing a step-by-step guide for students, this text looks at each stage of writing a dissertation for geography and related disciplines, explaining basic approaches as well as how to collect and analyse data.
This volume of Progress in International Business Research includes a selection of 13 papers from the 35th European International Business Academy Annual Conference, which was held in Valencia (Spain) from the 13th to the 15th of December 2009.
Volume Five of Business and Society 360 focuses on research from leading scholars in this discipline contribute to a 360-degree evaluation of theory, including cross-discipline research, empirical explorations, cross-cultural studies, literature critiques, and meta-analysis projects.
As the arts become an increasingly popular pedagogical tool in writing studies, Arts-Based Research Methods in Writing Studies offers scholars and educators in the field ways to leverage the arts for their own scholarship through the practice of arts-based research (ABR). Tailored to the needs of writing studies scholars, this concise guide presents ways of exploring and addressing unresolved research questions from the past as well as new, pressing questions that are emerging in light of increasingly fraught and complicated current contexts. It explores motives and methods for taking up ABR, sheds light on the processes of representing research and the ethical imperative of methodological disclosure, and looks critically at the complexities of fully realizing ABR in writing studies while offering some pedagogical applications. Connecting theory to practice, this book also performs ABR through a co-created mixed-media text about the everyday and extraordinary stories woven into the fabric of new American artists’ composing processes. Arts-Based Research Methods in Writing Studies lends itself to insight that is at once personal for writing studies researchers, useful for research communities, and a catalyst for social change beyond institutional walls; as such, it will be an important resource for scholars, educators, and graduate students in writing studies and those interested in multimodal, multilingual, and translingual learning; equitable pedagogies and administrative practices; online writing instruction; transnational literacies; research methods; community-based research; and disability studies in composition.
Written from a critical theory, de-colonizing, and transformative lens, Re-Search Methods in Social Work: Linking Ways of Knowing to Knowledge Creation brings together in one space an introduction to four worldviews that inform what we call knowledge gathering, knowledge construction, knowledge co-creation, or re-search (depending on the worldview). This text presents a broad range of methods that are commonly used to inform social work practice across Turtle Island/Kanata/Canada, including the steps from inception to knowledge mobilization that are typically followed to acquire knowledge across Indigenous, (post)positivist, interpretivist, and transformative worldviews. This engaging text features reader-friendly language; integrated authorship that spans the four worldviews; discussions of various challenges, strengths, and limitations in bringing together multiple ways of knowing and associated methods; chapter learning outcomes; and discussion questions. With a focus on anti-oppressive practice, social justice, social action, collaboration, and inclusion, Re-Search Methods in Social Work is essential for college and university social work courses, and for social work practitioner-researchers across Turtle Island/Kanata/Canada who are interested in opening their mind to a more wholistic and respectful way of engaging in dialogue about and advancing knowledge that leads to social change.