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Covers the entire range of the history of U.S. foreign relations from the colonial period to the beginning of the 21st century. A Companion to U.S. Foreign Relations is an authoritative guide to past and present scholarship on the history of American diplomacy and foreign relations from its seventeenth century origins to the modern day. This two-volume reference work presents a collection of historiographical essays by prominent scholars. The essays explore three centuries of America’s global interactions and the ways U.S. foreign policies have been analyzed and interpreted over time. Scholars offer fresh perspectives on the history of U.S. foreign relations; analyze the causes, influences, and consequences of major foreign policy decisions; and address contemporary debates surrounding the practice of American power. The Companion covers a wide variety of methodologies, integrating political, military, economic, social and cultural history to explore the ideas and events that shaped U.S. diplomacy and foreign relations and continue to influence national identity. The essays discuss topics such as the links between U.S. foreign relations and the study of ideology, race, gender, and religion; Native American history, expansion, and imperialism; industrialization and modernization; domestic and international politics; and the United States’ role in decolonization, globalization, and the Cold War. A comprehensive approach to understanding the history, influences, and drivers of U.S. foreign relation, this indispensable resource: Examines significant foreign policy events and their subsequent interpretations Places key figures and policies in their historical, national, and international contexts Provides background on recent and current debates in U.S. foreign policy Explores the historiography and primary sources for each topic Covers the development of diverse themes and methodologies in histories of U.S. foreign policy Offering scholars, teachers, and students unmatched chronological breadth and analytical depth, A Companion to U.S. Foreign Relations: Colonial Era to the Present is an important contribution to scholarship on the history of America’s interactions with the world.
While we were still in Paris, I felt, and have felt increasingly ever since, that you accepted my guidance and direction on questions with regard to which I had to instruct you only with increasing reluctance.... "... I must say that it would relieve me of embarrassment, Mr. Secretary, the embarrassment of feeling your reluctance and divergence of judgment, if you would give your present office up and afford me an opportunity to select some one whose mind would more willingly go along with mine." These words are taken from the letter which President Wilson wrote to me on February 11, 1920. On the following day I tendered my resignation as Secretary of State by a letter, in which I said:
This volume is a study of the career of Robert Lansing, Woodrow Wilsons Secretary of State from 1915 to 1920. Holding this office during the neutrality period, Americas entry into World War I, and the peace negotiations that followed, his was an important position at a critical juncture in American history. While many historians have dismissed Lansings contributions as insubstantial, this author believes otherwise. This work will show that in nudging a reluctant president toward war with Germany Lansing was persuasive indeed. His most important contributions, however, came after Wilson returned to the United States in 1919 and became incapacitated during the fight for ratification of the Treaty of Versailles. In the months that followed Lansing took the position of leadership in the Cabinet, holding important meetings on all of the issues of the day and reassuring the nation that the Executive branch of government still functioned. He also helped to resolve critical Mexican and Russian issues. Finally, and most importantly during this period, Lansing was in league with the strong reservations in attempting to force Wilson to accept modifications to the Treaty as a condition for ratification. In this regard he provided the Republican opposition with important information regarding compromises made at Paris and the feelings of both himself and other Commissioners as to flaws in the Treaty. Throughout his career Lansing was a strong proponent of his views on the key issues of the day. Sadly when faced with a President of equally strong views, often different from his own, Lansing resorted to indirection, deception and ultimately disloyalty in attempting to achieve his objectives. In the end Lansings many positive contributions were diminished by the actions of his final days.