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We rarely think about the way languages work because communicating in our native tongue comes so naturally to us. The Bible was written in ancient Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek—languages no modern reader can claim to have a native understanding of. A better understanding of how language works should help us understand the Bible better as we seek to discern the original intent and meaning of each biblical author. In this book, you will get a basic introduction to the field of linguistics—its history, its key concepts, its major schools of thought, and how its insights can shed light on various problems in biblical Hebrew and Greek. Numerous examples illustrate linguistic concepts, and technical terminology is clearly defined. Learn how the study of language can enhance your Bible study.
"...Etymology must somehow have some value for the understanding of biblical language, and I myself had granted this. If etymological study, then, is not to be totally rejected, we should try to say something more precise about its value and demarcate more exactly the line that separates its proper use from its misuse. We may begin, then, by summarizing three general reasons which appear to favour the continuing importance of etymology: a. It is not in dispute that etymology is in principle a valid form of study and that it can furnish valuable insights into the history and the background of words. b. Etymology is particularly important for the identification and elucidation of rare words and hapax legomena. The Hebrew Bible has many such reare words, and thes can often be elucidated only through comparison with words in Ugaritic, Akkadian, Arabic and other congnate languages; this was expressly admitted by me in Semantics. c. Etymology is not something confined to the modern world. On the contrary, the etymological consciousness was already very strong in ancient world, and notably so in the milieu of the Bible, of early Judaism and of early Christianity." -- Etymology and the Old Testament / James Barr.
This introduces and abridges the syntactical features of the original language of the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament. Scholars have made significant progress in recent decades in understanding Biblical Hebrew syntax. Yet intermediate readers seldom have access to this progress due to the technical jargon and sometimes-obscure locations of the scholarly publications. This Guide is an intermediate-level reference grammar for Biblical Hebrew. As such, it assumes an understanding of elementary phonology and morphology, and defines and illustrates the fundamental syntactical features of Biblical Hebrew that most intermediate-level readers struggle to master. The volume divides Biblical Hebrew syntax, and to a lesser extent morphology, into four parts. The first three cover the individual words (nouns, verbs, and particles) with the goal of helping the reader move from morphological and syntactical observations to meaning and significance. The fourth section moves beyond phase-level phenomena and considers the larger relationships of clauses and sentences.
A practical and easy-to-understand guide to the logical structure of both Hebrew and Greek. Ideal for biblical language students.
This volume assembles several important studies that examine the role of language in meaning and interpretation. The various contributions investigate interpretation in the versions, in intertestamental traditions, in the New Testament, and in the rabbis and the targumim. The authors, who include well-known veterans as well as younger scholars, explore the differing ways in which the language of Scripture stimulates the understanding of the sacred text in late antiquity and gives rise to important theological themes. This book is a significant resource for any scholar interested in the interpretation of Scripture in and just after the biblical period.
Lexicography, together with grammatical studies and textual criticism, forms the basis of biblical exegesis. Recent decades have seen much progress in this field, yet increasing specialization also tends to have the paradoxical effect of turning exegesis into an independent discipline, while leaving lexicography to the experts. The present volume seeks to renew and intensify the exchange between the study of words and the study of texts. This is done in reference to both the Hebrew source text and the earliest Greek translation, the Septuagint. Questions addressed in the contributions to this volume are how linguistic meaning is effected, how it relates to words, and how words may be translated into another language, in Antiquity and today. Etymology, semantic fields, syntagmatic relations, word history, neologisms and other subthemes are discussed. The main current and prospective projects of biblical lexicology or lexicography are presented, thus giving an idea of the state of the art. Some of the papers also open up wider perspectives of interpretation.
What role do texts play in religious practice? What is the relationship between these texts and cognition? Are some texts more successful because they are better adapted to our cognitive structures? Why is biblical interpretation necessary, and what is the cognitive process behind it? This book considers such questions, and fills the gap in research on religious texts and narratives in the cognitive science of religion. The study of ancient religions and biblical studies are dominated by textual evidence. However, the cognitive science of religion is lacking significant research on the language and textual interpretation of this literature. This book presents a systematic attempt to redefine the interpretation of religious texts in a cognitive framework, providing concrete textual analysis on a broad selection of biblical passages. It explores the ways that cognitive approaches to language and textual interpretation expand the disciplines of the cognitive science of religion and biblical studies. This book brings together methodology from the cognitive sciences, linguistics, philology, biblical studies, and religious studies, to offer a new perspective for biblical studies and cognitive sciences. It presents a renewed vision of textual interpretation - one that aligns hermeneutical reflection with our cognitive capacities.
God’s Word Leads Us to God’s Heart Hebrew Word Study: Revealing the Heart of God is a devotional book unlike any you’ve ever read. Most Hebrew word study books read like a dictionary, not really explaining the Hebrew words in light of specific Bible passages. Hebrew Word Study by Chaim Bentorah combines an in-depth look at the meanings of a variety of scriptural words and phrases in the original Hebrew with a down-to-earth application for our daily Christian experience. Guided by Chaim’s expertise in biblical languages, you will examine not just word definitions, but also the origins of words, their place in the culture and idioms of the day, and even their emotional context. With the author’s anecdotes and stories from the Bible and ancient Jewish literature, the meanings of these words and passages become even more vivid. Each of the ninety word studies in this book will encourage and strengthen you in your relationship with God. As you search the depths of God’s Word, you will see just how beautiful the Scriptures are, and most of all, you will see the beauty of God Himself and come to love Him all the more.
In his third book Chaim Bentorah finds that after having discovered and exploring God's heart, He found himself moving more in an Eastern or Semitic approach to his word studies. Rather than allowing his mind to rule his heart he found God's heart ruling his mind in his word studies. He began to feel a freedom to allow God's heart to rule His mind. When He did this He discovered that He was no longer searching or exploring the Heart of God, He was now resting in the Heart of God.