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Curing is one of those activities that every civil engineer and construction worker has heard of, but in reality does not worry about much. In practice, curing is often low on the list of priorities on the construction site, particularly when budgets and timelines are under pressure. Yet the increasing demands being placed on concrete mixtures also mean that they are less forgiving than in the past. Therefore, any activity that will help improve hydration and so performance, while reducing the risk of cracking, is becoming more important. Curing Concrete explains exactly why curing is so important and shows you how to best do it. The book covers: The fundamentals behind hydration How curing affects the properties of concrete, improving its long-term performance What curing technologies and techniques you can use for different applications How to effectively specify, provide, and measure curing in a project The author also gives numerous examples of how curing—or a lack of it—has affected concrete performance in real-world situations. These include examples from hot and cold climates, as well as examples related to high-performance concrete, performance parameters, and specifications and testing. Written for construction professionals who want to ensure the quality and longevity of their concrete structures, this book demonstrates that curing is well worth the effort and cost.
Concrete curing is closely related to cement hydration, microstructure development, and concrete performance. Application of a liquid membrane-forming curing compound is among the most widely used curing methods for concrete pavements and bridge decks. Curing compounds are economical, easy to apply, and maintenance free. However, limited research has been done to investigate the effectiveness of different curing compounds and their application technologies. No reliable standard testing method is available to evaluate the effectiveness of curing, especially of the field concrete curing. The present research investigates the effects of curing compound materials and application technologies on concrete properties, especially on the properties of surface concrete. This report presents a literature review of curing technology, with an emphasis on curing compounds, and the experimental results from the first part of this research-lab investigation. In the lab investigation, three curing compounds were selected and applied to mortar specimens at three different times after casting. Two application methods, single- and double-layer applications, were employed. Moisture content, conductivity, sorptivity, and degree of hydration were measured at different depths of the specimens. Flexural and compressive strength of the specimens were also tested. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between these material properties. The research results indicate that application of a curing compound significantly increased moisture content and degree of cement hydration and reduced sorptivity of the near-surface-area concrete. For given concrete materials and mix proportions, optimal application time of curing compounds depended primarily upon the weather condition. If a sufficient amount of a high-efficiency-index curing compound was uniformly applied, no double-layer application was necessary. Among all test methods applied, the sorptivity test is the most sensitive one to provide good indication for the subtle changes in microstructure of the near-surface-area concrete caused by different curing materials and application methods. Sorptivity measurement has a close relation with moisture content and degree of hydration. The research results have established a baseline for and provided insight into the further development of testing procedures for evaluation of curing compounds in field. Recommendations are provided for further field study.
Curing is one of those activities that every civil engineer and construction worker has heard of, but in reality does not worry about much. In practice, curing is often low on the list of priorities on the construction site, particularly when budgets and timelines are under pressure. Yet the increasing demands being placed on concrete mixtures also
SOME OF THE METHODS OF CONCRETE CURING USED IN NEBRASKA WERE EVALUATED. SEVEN CURING METHODS WERE USED, WHICH INCLUDED WATERPROOF PAPER, PLASTIC FILM, WHITE PIGMENTED CURING COMPOUND, WET BURLAP, CLEAR CURING COMPOUND, OR COMBINATIONS OF THESE. THREE 700-FOOT SECTIONS OF CONCRETE PAVEMENT WERE CURED BY EACH METHOD. THE PROJECT WAS CONSTRUCTED DURING COOL, HIGH-HUMIDITY WEATHER - NEAR IDEAL FOR CONCRETE CURING. THE EFFECT OF EACH TYPE OF CURING WAS DETERMINED BY LABORATORY TESTS ON CORES FROM THE PAVEMENT AND BY PAVEMENT CONDITION SURVEYS. THE LABORATORY TESTS ON THE CORES INCLUDED ABRASION TEST, AIR VOID TEST, MIXING WATER TEST, AND STRENGTH TEST. NONE OF THE TESTS SHOWED ANY VARIATION WHICH COULD BE ATTRIBUTED TO CURING METHOD. THE FIELD INSPECTION ALSO SHOWED NO SIGNS OF SURFACE DETERIORATION WHICH COULD BE ATTRIBUTED TO CURING. BECAUSE OF THE COOL, HUMID WEATHER CONDITIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION, LITTLE OR NO DIFFERENCES DUE TO THE CURING MEDIA COULD BE DETECTED.
Eleven compounds designated as colorless and two designated as water-based were evaluated to their suitability for curing of concrete and for their lack of color. All met present requirements for sprayability, drying time, and flash point. Only ten met the moisture- retention requirements. The three that failed the moisture test were one styrene- acrylate resin and both water-based compounds. Infrared analysis revealed that the colorless materials compounds. Infrared analysis revealed that the colorless materials represent 5 different chemical classes: 4 chlorinated rubbers; 2 modified styrene-butadienes; 1 phthalic alkyd; 3 carboxylated hydrocarbons; and 1 styrene- acrylate. Both water-based materials were identified as sodium silicate liquids. Infrared measurements were used to detect chemical and physical changes of the colorless materials when exposed to laboratory conditions and natural sunlight. (Author, modified-PL).