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LA CONVENTION SUR LES ARMES CHIMIQUES DU 13 JANVIER 1993, ENTREE EN VIGUEUR LE 27 AVRIL 1997, PRESCRIT UNE ELIMINATION DES ARMES CHIMIQUES A L'ECHELLE MONDIALE, QUI SOIT EFFECTIVEMENT VERIFIABLE. LES ACTIVITES DE VERIFICATION SONT CONFIEES A L'ORGANISATION POUR L'INTERDICTION DE ARMES CHIMIQUES (OIAC). LA VERIFICATION IMPLIQUE UNE COOPERATION DES ETATS QUI PASSE PAR L'ETABLISSEMENT D'UNE AUTORITENATIONALE CHARGEE D'ASSURER UNE LIAISON AVEC L'OIAC ET D'ASSISTER CETTE DERNIERE DANS SES ACTIVITES. LA COOPERATION AMENE EGALEMENT LES ETATS A DEVOIR ADAPTER LEUR LEGISLATION INTERNE. L'OBTENTION DE DECLARATIONS ETATIQUES D'ACTIVITES, LA REALISATION D'INSPECTIONS DE ROUTINE ET LE RECOURS EVENTUEL A UN DISPOSITIF DE CRISE, L'INSPECTION PAR MISE EN DEMEURE, DOIVENT PERMETTRE AU SECRETARIAT TECHNIQUE DE L'OIAC D'ETABLIR UNE VERITABLE SURVEILLANCE. L'APPRECIATION JURIDIQUE DES FAITS, AINSI QU'UN POUVOIR DE REACTION EN CAS DE VIOLATION CONSTATEE, SONT CONFIES AUX ORGANES POLITIQUES DE L'OIAC. LE SYSTEME DE VERIFICATION EST MARQUANT DANS L'ENTREPRISE DE DESARMEMENT PAR L'ETENDUE DE LA SURVEILLANCE EXERCEE SUR L'INDUSTRIE CIVILE, LA NATURE INTRUSIVE DE L'INSPECTION PAR MISE EN DEMEURE ET LE ROLE DE L'OIAC DANS LE TRAITEMENT DES QUESTIONS DE VIOLATION. ON ASSISTE A UNE INTENSIFICATION DE LA VERIFICATION ET A UNE TRANSFORMATION DE SA TACTIQUE ET DE SA FONCTION. CES MUTATIONS S'INSCRIVENT EN CORRELATION AVEC UNE EVOLUTION DES CONCEPTIONS DE SECURITE.
After twenty years of negotiation within the framework of the Disarmament Conference, the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction was signed in Paris between 13 and 15 January 1993. At the same time, the signatory States adopted a resolution instituting a Preparatory Commission, established in The Hague, with the aim of 'the prompt and effective establishment of the future Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons'. A variety of converging considerations led the Curatorium of the Academy of International Law to organize a workshop on this subject: first the very interesting nature of the highly sensitive problems raised by the destruction of chemical weapons, both on the strategic and political planes, as well as on technical, financial and ecological grounds; but also the originality and difficulty, from the legal standpoint, of the numerous questions which will inevitably arise in connection with the application of the Paris Convention. Finally, the Paris Convention, which is innovative in many respects, particularly in that it institutes international control over the whole of an industrial activity, may be used as a model in other areas of disarmament, in particular the area of nuclear weapons.
Never have international relations between nations been so complex as in the current political climate. In this contemporary world international negotiation has become a combination of traditional diplomacy and the modern framework of conferences, multi-party institutions and organizations such as the European Union. While this diplomacy has, in the past, existed to prevent national and international conflict, its scope has expanded to deal with other problems facing us on a global scale. As negotiation is the primary tool to resolve international conflict, an understanding of the methods and principles of international negotiation remains essential. Only this form of diplomacy can hope to answer the global challenges we will face in the twenty-first century. International Negotiation in the Twenty-First Century is an accessible examination of negotiation and diplomacy on an international scale and is the first publication to analyze this fundamental concept in a single volume.
The Academy is an institution for the study and teaching of public and private international law and related subjects. Its purpose is to encourage a thorough and impartial examination of the problems arising from international relations in the field of law. The courses deal with the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject, including legislation and case law. All courses at the Academy are, in principle, published in the language in which they were delivered in the Collected Courses of the Hague Acadamy of International Law. This volume contains: - Vérification en matière de désarmament, par S. SUR, professeur à l'Université de Panthéon-Assas (Paris II); - The Role of the Organization of American States in the Promotion and Protection of Democratic Governance by H. CAMINOS, Judge at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Hamburg; - The Private International Law of Copyright in an Era of Technological Change by J.C. GINSBURG, Professor at Columbia University in the City of New York.