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This book provides a comparative perspective on one of the most intriguing developments in law: the influence of basic rights and human rights in private law. It analyzes the application of basic rights and human rights, which are traditionally understood as public law rights, in private law, and discusses the related spillover effects and changing perspectives in legal doctrine and practice. It provides examples where basic rights and human rights influence judicial reasoning and lead to changes of legislation in contract law, tort law, property law, family law, and copyright law. Providing both context and background analysis for any critical examination of the horizontal effect of fundamental rights in private law, the book contributes to the current debate on an important issue that deserves the attention of legal practitioners, scholars, judges and others involved in the developments in a variety of the world’s jurisdictions. This book is based on the General Report and national reports commissioned by the International Academy of Comparative Law and written for the XIXth International Congress of Comparative Law in Vienna, Austria, in the summer of 2014.
Les victimes de dommages causés par une personne privée d'assurance disposent, dans certains cas, d'une action afin d'obtenir une réparation versée par une personne publique. Ces hypothèses n'ont, jusqu'à présent, pas fait l'objet d'une systématisation de la part de la doctrine, qui consacre pourtant des développements fournis sur l'exposé de cas particuliers. L'unité leur est conférée par le fait que, d'une part, le dommage est causé par une personne privée et que, d'autre part, ce dommage est réparé par une personne publique. La cohérence provient des solutions qui président à la réparation publique. Celles-ci s'articulent autour de l'application des mécanismes de la responsabilité lorsque ceux-ci suffisent à accorder une réparation à la victime et l'appel à la solidarité lorsque la responsabilité ne parvient plus à assumer sa fonction d'indemnisation. Le passage d'un mécanisme d'indemnisation à l'autre résulte de la rupture de l'imputabilité du dommage à la personne publique. Alors que, dans le cadre de la responsabilité, le dommage peut être considéré comme imputable à la personne publique en raison de l'autorité qu'elle exerce sur l'auteur du dommage (garde ou contrôle), cette imputabilité n'existe pas toujours. C'est cette rupture qui oblige à abandonner la responsabilité au profit d'un mécanisme d'indemnisation alternatif qui en prend le relais : la solidarité.
The 2005 Avant-projet de réforme du droit des obligations et de la prescription, also dubbed the Avant-projet Catala, suggests the most far-reaching reform of the French Civil code since it came into force in 1804. It reviews central aspects of contract law, the law of delict and the law of unjustified enrichment. There is currently a very lively debate in France as to the merits or the demerits of both the particular draft provisions and the general idea of recodification as such. This volume is the first publication to introduce the reform proposals to an English speaking audience. It contains the official English translation of the text, and distinguished private lawyers from both England and France analyse and assess particularly interesting aspects of the substantive draft provisions in a comparative perspective. Topics covered include negotiation and renegotiation of contracts, la cause, the enforcement of contractual obligations, termination of contract and its consequences, the effects of contracts on third parties, the definition of la faute, the quantification of damages, and the law of prescription. The volume also contains an overall assessment of the draft provisions by one of the most senior French judges who chaired the Working Party on the Avant-projet, established by the French Supreme Court, the Cour de cassation. The book is indispensable for comparative private lawyers and lawyers with a particular interest in French law. It is also of use to all private lawyers (both academics and practitioners) looking for information on recent international and European trends in contract and tort.