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Tesis del ano 2014 en eltema Economia de las empresas - Banca, bolsa de valores, seguros, contabilidad, Nota: nueve, Universidad de Buenos Aires (Asociacion de Marketing Bancario Argentino), Materia: Posgrado de Especializacion en Administracion de Organizaciones Financieras (2012), Idioma: Espanol, Resumen: El presente documento analiza el grado de acceso al credito por parte de las pequenas y medianas empresa en Argentina y el impacto que produce en el sector. El estudio expone la determinacion de la condicion de micro, pequena y mediana empresa, sus diferentes fuentes de financiamiento, aspectos que se evaluan para el otorgamiento de creditos al segmento y la participacion de las Pymes en el PBI. Tambien se cuestiona si el correcto financiamiento del sector fomenta el desarrollo economico nacional. A partir de este diagnostico, fundamentado en argumentos teoricos y en distintas fuentes de evidencia para Argentina, se brindan recomendaciones y conclusiones orientadas a mejorar la insercion de las pymes en el mercado crediticio.
Las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pyme) suelen encontrar grandes dificultades en el acceso a la financiación que necesitan para el desarrollo de su actividad empresarial. Estas empresas, en comparación con aquellas de mayor tamaño, son percibidas como empresas de alto riesgo debido a que sus estados financieros no suelen estar auditados, a la falta de un amplio historial crediticio o a la ausencia de activos que ofrecer como garantías. Estas características agravan las asimetrías informativas y los problemas de agencia y, como consecuencia, las pyme acaban experimentando graves restricciones financieras. Sin embargo, las decisiones de financiación de las pyme no sólo dependen de sus propias características, sino que además, las características de los países donde operan tienen un impacto directo en su acceso a la financiación. El funcionamiento y la solidez de las instituciones y del sector bancario son factores potenciadores o atenuadores del alcance de los problemas de agencia y de información asimétrica de las pyme. Por ello, el objetivo de este libro es analizar en qué medida la financiación y las restricciones financieras a las que se enfrentan las pyme se encuentran determinadas por la estructura del sector bancario y con el funcionamiento de las instituciones del país en el que operan. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) often face major difficulties in accessing the finance they need to invest in their activities. SMEs, compared to large companies, are perceived as high-risk firms because they usually do not have audited financial statements, a large credit history or enough assets to pledge as collaterals. These characteristics aggravate informational asymmetries and agency problems and, as a result, SMEs end up experiencing severe financial constraints. However, SME financing decisions not only depend on their own characteristics, but the characteristics of the countries in which they operate also have a direct impact on their access to finance. The development and soundness of the institutions and the banking sector are factors that enhance or mitigate the scope of information asymmetries and agency problems of SMEs. Therefore, the aim of this book is to analyze the extent to which the financing of SMEs and their financial constraints are related to the structure of the banking sector and the development of the institutions of the country in which they operate.
The predominant view in economic theory until the crisis of the '70s, argued the great enterprise was the key player in the innovation process, this was conceived as an activity that unfolded in specific areas, with clear responsibilities and predetermined objectives. This operating structure of the innovative process was functional demand model that favored the standardization of production. The innovative process was developed predominantly by firms that had a domain oligopolistic market from which they made windfall with which financed the research and development activities. In this context, the role of SMEs in the innovation process is limited to covering the portion of the market that big companies left.
"The authors study the effect of financial crises on trade credit in a sample of 890 firms in six emerging economies. They find that although provision of trade credit increases right after the crisis, it consequently collapses in the following months and years. The authors observe that firms with weaker financial position (for example, high pre-crisis level of short-term debt and low cash stocks and cash flows) are more likely to reduce trade credit provided to their customers. This suggests that the decline in aggregate credit provision is driven by the reduction in the supply of trade credit, which follows the bank credit crunch. The results are consistent with the "redistribution view" of trade credit provision, in which bank credit is redistributed by way of trade credit by the firms with stronger financial position to the firms with weaker financial stand "--World Bank web site.
Value Chain Finance is a solution to such dilemmas.
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
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