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Las elecciones generales constituyen el núcleo de la democracia representativa. De ahí que la comprensión de las leyes y prácticas que rigen estas elecciones resulte esencial para entender la democracia moderna. En este libro, Gary W. Cox muestra que las leyes electorales plantean una serie de problemas de coordinación que los actores políticos deben resolver. Por ejemplo, bajo la norma del pluralismo, no todos los candidatos izquierdistas a la presidencia pueden presentarse al mismo tiempo si la izquierda aspira a la oportunidad de ganar. Ahora bien, aunque todos los izquierdistas se beneficiarán si se unen en torno a un solo candidato, aquéllos pueden no estar de acuerdo acerca de quién debería ser ese candidato. Problemas de coordinación análogos, junto con la necesidad de negociar renuncias, de votaciones estratégicas y otros tipos de coordinación estratégica, pueden surgir en todos los sistemas electorales.
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
"This case study synthesis is a product of a larger collaborative undertaking of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and was contracted and funded by PHAC"--Page i.
From the Holocaust in Europe to the military dictatorships of Latin America to the enduring violence of settler colonialism around the world, genocide has been a defining experience of far too many societies. In many cases, the damaging legacies of genocide lead to continued violence and social divisions for decades. In others, however, creative responses to this identity-based violence emerge from the grassroots, contributing to widespread social and political transformation. Resonant Violence explores both the enduring impacts of genocidal violence and the varied ways in which states and grassroots collectives respond to and transform this violence through memory practices and grassroots activism. By calling upon lessons from Germany, Poland, Argentina, and the Indigenous United States, Resonant Violence demonstrates how ordinary individuals come together to engage with a violent past to pave the way for a less violent future.
Christian Democracy swept across parts of Latin America, gaining influence in Venezuela in the 1940s, Chile in the 1950s, El Salvador and Guatemala in the 1960s, and Costa Rica and Mexico in the 1980s. This book offers an overview of Christian Democracy in the region— underscoring its remarkable diversity—and examines the Christian Democratic organizations of Chile and Mexico, which are still major parties today. The concluding section analyzes the demise of formerly significant Christian Democratic parties in El Salvador, Guatemala, Peru, and Venezuela. Christian Democracy in Latin America provides the definitive stufy of the nature, rise, and decline of Christian Democracy in Latin America. The book enriches the broader theoretical literature on political parties by highlighting the distinctive strategic dilemmas parties face, and the distinctive objectives they pursue, in contexts of fragile democracy or of authoritarian regimes.
With a focus predominantly on the two governments of José Maria Aznar between 1996 and 2004, and the José Luis Zapatero government after 2004, this book provides an introduction for students of Spain's history and its contemporary politics.
Demonstrates how British political parties have begun to use comprehensive political marketing in order to gain electoral success. They conduct focus groups and opinion polls in an attempt to elicit what voters want from them and then try to adjust their behaviors accordingly...