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This book presents experimental data and recent results of model calculations on the formation of natural oxide film on metal surfaces and of metal hydride formation. Such films are responsible for corrosion, friction, and wear of metallic materials. Describing mostly the authors own research, this monograph gives an overview of models suitable for metal-gas reactions and demonstrates how complex metal-gas interactions can be analyzed by standard procedures of chemical kinetics. The book, and the data and equations it contains, will be useful to researchers in surface science, condensed-matter physics, and materials science.
The book is concerned with understanding the fundamental mechanisms of high temperature alloy oxidation. It uses this understanding to develop methods of predicting oxidation rates and the way they change with temperature, gas chemistry and alloy composition. The focus is on designing (or selecting) alloy compositions which provide optimal resistance to attack by corrosive gases. . Emphasises quantitative calculations for predicting reaction rates and the effects of temperature, oxidant activities and alloy compositions. . Uses phase diagrams and diffusion paths to analyse and interpret scale structures and internal precipitation distributions . Provides a detailed examination of corrosion in industrial gases (water vapour effects, carburisation and metal dusting, sulphidation) . Text is well supported by numerous micrographs, phase diagrams and tabulations of relevant thermodynamic and kinetic data . Combines physical chemistry and materials science methodologies.
The book brings together, for the first time, all aspects of reactions of metallic species in the gas phase and gives an up-to-date overview of the field. Reactions covered include those of atomic, other free radical and transient neutral species, as well as ions. Experimental and theoretical work is reviewed and the efforts to establish a closer link between these approaches are discussed. The field is mainly approached from a fundamental point-of-view, but the applied problems which have helped stimulate the interest are pointed out and form the major subject of the final chapters. These emphasize the competition between purely gas-phase and gas-surface reactions.
Reviews the science and engineering of high-temperature corrosion and provides guidelines for selecting the best materials for an array of system processes High-temperature corrosion (HTC) is a widespread problem in an array of industries, including power generation, aerospace, automotive, and mineral and chemical processing, to name a few. This book provides engineers, physicists, and chemists with a balanced presentation of all relevant basic science and engineering aspects of high-temperature corrosion. It covers most HTC types, including oxidation, sulfidation, nitridation, molten salts, fuel-ash corrosion, H2S/H2 corrosion, molten fluoride/HF corrosion, and carburization. It also provides corrosion data essential for making the appropriate choices of candidate materials for high-temperature service in process conditions. A form of corrosion that does not require the presence of liquids, high-temperature corrosion occurs due to the interaction at high temperatures of gases, liquids, or solids with materials. HTC is a subject is of increasing importance in many areas of science and engineering, and students, researchers, and engineers need to be aware of the nature of the processes that occur in high-temperature materials and equipment in common use today, especially in the chemical, gas, petroleum, electric power, metal manufacturing, automotive, and nuclear industries. Provides engineers and scientists with the essential data needed to make the most informed decisions on materials selection Includes up-to-date information accompanied by more than 1,000 references, 80% of which from within the past fifteen years Includes details on systems of critical engineering importance, especially the corrosion induced by low-energy radionuclides Includes practical guidelines for testing and research in HTC, along with both the European and International Standards for high-temperature corrosion engineering Offering balanced, in-depth coverage of the fundamental science behind and engineering of HTC, High Temperature Corrosion: Fundamentals and Engineering is a valuable resource for academic researchers, students, and professionals in the material sciences, solid state physics, solid state chemistry, electrochemistry, metallurgy, and mechanical, chemical, and structural engineers.
The report presents a detailed review of available information on the oxidation of W and its alloys. W is relatively inert below 700 C. As the temperature is increased above this level, however, oxidation becomes progressively more rapid, reaching catastrophic rates at temperatures around 1200 C and above. Various theories for the mechanism and rates of W oxidation at different temperatures are reviewed, and the effect of pressure and water vapor on the stability of W oxides is discussed in detail. The elevatedtemperature reactions of W with other materials, such as refractory oxides, and with gases other than oxygen also are covered. Information on the protection of W by alloying and coating is included. (Author).
Handbook of Non-Ferrous Metal Powders: Technologies and Applications, Second Edition, provides information on the manufacture and use of powders of non-ferrous metals that has taken place for many years in the area previously known as Soviet Russia. It presents the huge amount of knowledge and experience that has built up over the last fifty years. Originally published in Russia by several prominent scientists, researchers and engineers, this presents an update to the first book that includes sections on classification, properties, treatment methods and production. This updated edition contains new content on the powders, along with newer methods of 3D printing. - Covers the manufacturing methods, properties and importance of the following metals: aluminum, titanium, magnesium, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, noble metals, rare earth metals, lead, tin and bismuth - Includes new content on recent advances, such as additive manufacturing and 3D printing of non-ferrous metal alloys and specific powders for advanced techniques, including metal injection molding technologies - Expands on topics such as safety engineering in the production of powders and advanced areas of engineering research, such as nanopowder processes