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This conspectus brings together in an accessible and systematic manner a dizzy array of archaeological cultures situated between several worlds.
This book publishes excavations at two cemeteries located near to the village of Takhtidziri in Shida Kartli, the central region of Georgia. The grave goods recovered are diverse and suggest that the kingdom of Kartli (Caucasian Iberia) was involved in international trade and economic relations in the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman period.
"Rich and illuminating." Literary Review A landscape of high mountains and narrow valleys stretching from the Black to the Caspian Seas, the Caucasus region has been home to human populations for nearly 2 million years. In this richly illustrated 2-volume series, historian and explorer Christoph Baumer tells the story of the region's history through to the present day. It is a story of encounters between many different peoples, from Scythians, Turkic and Mongol peoples of the East to Greeks and Romans from the West, from Indo-European tribes from the West as well as the East, and to Arabs and Iranians from the South. It is a story of rival claims by Empires and nations and of how the region has become home to more than 50 languages that can be heard within its borders to this very day. This first volume charts the period from the emergence of the earliest human populations in the region – the first known human populations outside Africa - to the Seljuk conquests of 1050CE. Along the way the book charts the development of Neolithic, Iron and Bronze Age cultures, the first recognizable Caucasian state and the arrival of a succession of the great transnational Empires, from the Greeks, the Romans and the Armenian to competing Christian and Muslim conquerors. The History of the Caucasus: Volume 1 also includes more than 200 full colour images and maps bringing the changing cultures of these lands vividly to life.
This volume is the first part of the final publication of the Early Bronze Age levels of Khashuri Nastargora. This important site of the Kura-Araxes and Early Kurgan period in the Shida Kartli region of Georgia, excavated in the 1980s by a Georgian mission, was since then left unpublished. The joint Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project carried out a thorough revision of the old excavation documentation and a study of the original finds, and integrated them with new archaeometric analyses and research on the site's ancient environment. The volume contains a general introduction to the site and its environment and the analysis of the Kura-Araxes graves; it also includes a study of the Early Bronze Age cemeteries in the Shida Kartli region. It represents a significant contribution to the still-limited corpus of evidence about this culture that is published in English and available to specialists of Near Eastern and Caucasian archaeology.
This study analyses the social and symbolic value of the material culture, in particular the pottery production and the architecture, and the social structure of the local communities of a broad area encompassing Eastern Anatolia, the South Caucasus and North-western Iran during the last phase of the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. This broad area is known from the Assyrian texts as ‘Nairi lands’. The second part of the study, furnishes a reassessment of pottery production characteristics and theories, as well as of the socio-economic structure and issues, tied to the sedentary and mobile local communities of the Nairi lands. The study brings into focus the characteristics, the extension and the distribution of Grooved pottery, along with other pottery typologies, by providing an accompanying online catalogue with detailed descriptions and high-resolution images of the pots and sherds obtained from public and private institutions in Turkey and Armenia. Moreover, the socio-political organisation and subsistence economy issues are addressed in order to advance a possible reconstruction of the social structure of the Nairi lands communities. Particular attention is devoted to the pastoral nomad component and the role played within the Nairi phenomenon. The study includes a very large corpus of text images and high-resolution color images of the pottery of the area under examination, gathered by the author in order to offer a reliable tool and compendium.
This volume is the second part of the final publication of the Early Bronze Age levels of Khashuri Nastargora. This important site of the Kura-Araxes and Early Kurgan period in the Shida Kartli region of Georgia, excavated in the 1980s by a Georgian mission, was since then left unpublished. The joint Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project carried out a thorough revision of the old excavation documentation and a study of the original finds, and integrated them with new archaeometric analyses and research on the site's ancient environment. The volume presents the results of the excavations of EBA settlement, one of the few which contain levels of both the Kura-Araxes andBedeni cultures, and can therefore shed new light on the poorly known phase of transition between these. It includes contributions about the main categories of archaeological finds and ecofacts and reports on the results of archaeometric analyses.
35 papers, originally presented by an international group of researchers at a conference held in Venice in January 2013, present the results of the last 20 years of archaeological research about the pre-classical cultures of the Caucasus and Anatolia, and analyse the latter in the wider framework of their changing relations with those of the Ancient Near East and of the Eurasian steppes. The volume covers a wide chronological span - from the late 5th to the early 1st millennium BC, and includes contributions about a wide range of topics (reports of archaeological excavations and surveys, chronology, economy, social organisation of the ancient populations, technology, long-distance exchange of raw materials and artefacts, archaeometallurgy, landscape archaeology, etc.). According to the most recent developments of research, these are investigated in a remarkably interdisciplinary perspective. The participation to the conference of well-recognised experts working not only in different countries of the Southern Caucasus and in Anatolia (in present-day Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey) but also in the North-Caucasian republics of the present-day Russian Federation offered a rare opportunity to compare and discuss recent trends of archaeological research in these different regions. Therefore, this volume represents a fundamental contribution to both Near Eastern and Caucasian Archaeology.
This third volume of the Kultepe International Meetings (KIM) series draws together multidisciplinary approaches to the archaeology and history of complex urban sites using Kultepe-Kanesh as a case study, with particular emphasis on Bronze Age material. The 3rd Kultepe International Meeting aimed at exploring multidisciplinary approaches to the archaeology and history of complex urban sites using Kultepe-Kanesh as a case study. As a result, the conference proceedings involve a wide variety of disciplines: archaeology, ceramics, paleobotany, paleoecology, palynology, archaeometallurgy, geo- and archaeo-magnetism, art history, philology, history, computer science, and last but not least, videogame design. Indeed, the aim of the Kultepe International Meetings (KIM) is to facilitate the dialogue between these different disciplines and to combine their data in order to build an accurate view of Kultepe and its environment. The 3rd KIM more than fulfilled this goal, demonstrating once again how Kultepe functions as an international experimental laboratory in which disciplines and sub-disciplines can be tested, improved, and developed. All the contributions presented here provide a good overview of the ongoing multidisciplinary studies being carried out at Kultepe and Central Anatolia.