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The story of South Carolina’s first female Chief Justice, with contributions by Sandra Day O’Connor, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, legal scholars, family members, and more. As a lawyer, legislator, and judge, Jean Hoefer Toal is one of the most accomplished women in South Carolina history. In this volume, contributors—including two United States Supreme Court Justices, federal and state judges, state leaders, historians, legal scholars, leading attorneys, family, and friends—provide analysis, perspective, and biographical information about the life and career of this dynamic leader and her role in shaping South Carolina. Growing up during the 1950s and ‘60s, Jean Hoefer was a youthful witness to the civil rights movement in the state and nation. Observing the state’s premier civil rights lawyer, Matthew J. Perry Jr., in court encouraged her to attend law school, where she met her husband, Bill Toal. When she was admitted to the South Carolina Bar in 1968, fewer than one hundred women had been admitted in the state’s history. From then on she was both a leader and a role model. She excelled in trial and appellate work and won major victories on behalf of Native Americans and women. In 1975, she was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives, and despite her age and gender quickly became one of the most respected members of that body. During her years in the House, Toal promoted major legislation on issues including constitutional law, criminal law, utilities regulation, local government, state appropriations, workers compensation, and freedom of information. In 1988, she was sworn in as the first female justice on the Supreme Court of South Carolina, and twelve years later she was elected Chief Justice, becoming the first woman ever to hold the highest position in the state’s judiciary. As Chief Justice, Toal modernized not only her court, but also the state’s judicial system. As a child, she loved roller skating in the lobby of the post office—a historic building that now serves as the Supreme Court of South Carolina. From a child in Columbia to Madam Chief Justice, her story comes full circle in this compelling account of her life and influence. Contributors include: Joseph F. Anderson, Jr. * Joan P. Assey * Jay Bender * C. Mitchell Brown * W. Lewis Burke Jr. * M. Elizabeth (Liz) Crum * Tina Cundari * Cameron McGowan Currie * Walter B. Edgar * Jean Toal Eisen * Robert L. Felix * Richard Mark Gergel * Ruth Bader Ginsburg * Elizabeth Van Doren Gray * Sue Erwin Harper * Jessica Childers Harrington * Kaye G. Hearn * Blake Hewitt * I.S. Leevy Johnson * John W. Kittredge * Lilla Toal Mandsager * Mary Campbell McQueen * James E. Moore * Sandra Day O’Connor * Richard W. Riley * Bakari T. Sellers * Robert J. Sheheen * Amelia Waring Walker * Bradish J. Waring
A leading civil rights historian places Robert Kennedy for the first time at the center of the movement for racial justice of the 1960sÑand shows how many of todayÕs issues can be traced back to that pivotal time. History, race, and politics converged in the 1960s in ways that indelibly changed America. In Justice Rising, a landmark reconsideration of Robert KennedyÕs life and legacy, Patricia Sullivan draws on government files, personal papers, and oral interviews to reveal how he grasped the moment to emerge as a transformational leader. When protests broke out across the South, the young attorney general confronted escalating demands for racial justice. What began as a political problem soon became a moral one. In the face of vehement pushback from Southern Democrats bent on massive resistance, he put the weight of the federal government behind school desegregation and voter registration. Bobby KennedyÕs youthful energy, moral vision, and capacity to lead created a momentum for change. He helped shape the 1964 Civil Rights Act but knew no law would end racism. When the Watts uprising brought calls for more aggressive policing, he pushed back, pointing to the root causes of urban unrest: entrenched poverty, substandard schools, and few job opportunities. RFK strongly opposed the military buildup in Vietnam, but nothing was more important to him than Òthe revolution within our gates, the struggle of the American Negro for full equality and full freedom.Ó On the night of Martin Luther KingÕs assassination, KennedyÕs anguished appeal captured the hopes of a turbulent decade: ÒIn this difficult time for the United States it is perhaps well to ask what kind of nation we are and what direction we want to move in.Ó It is a question that remains urgent and unanswered.
This broad, comparative study examines the social, economic, and legal contexts of crime and authority in two vastly different states over a one hundred year period. Massachusetts--an urban, industrial, and heterogeneous northern state--chose the penitentiary in its attempt to minimize the role of informal and extralegal authority while South Carolina--a rural southern slave state--systematically reduced its formal legal institutions, frequently relying on vigilantism. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
In a thriller that is a cross between To Kill a Mockingbird and Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, Brian Hicks takes us into the insular world of mid-20th century Charleston society, where one of the most unlikely civil rights heroes of all time has hatched a secret plan to change America...if someone doesn't kill him first.
Once one of the wealthiest cities in America, Charleston, South Carolina, established a society built on the racial hierarchies of slavery and segregation. By the 1970s, the legal structures behind these racial divisions had broken down and the wealth built upon them faded. Like many southern cities, Charleston had to construct a new public image. In this important book, Steve Estes chronicles the rise and fall of black political empowerment and examines the ways Charleston responded to the civil rights movement, embracing some changes and resisting others. Based on detailed archival research and more than fifty oral history interviews, Charleston in Black and White addresses the complex roles played not only by race but also by politics, labor relations, criminal justice, education, religion, tourism, economics, and the military in shaping a modern southern city. Despite the advances and opportunities that have come to the city since the 1960s, Charleston (like much of the South) has not fully reckoned with its troubled racial past, which still influences the present and will continue to shape the future.
Yarbrough examines the life and career of Judge J. Waties Waring, a southern segregationist who in 1945 turned civil rights advocate, and assesses the controversy and motivating forces behind this seminal figure in the civil rights movement.