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A joint task force (JTF) is established when the scope, complexity, or other factors of the contingency or crisis require capabilities of Services from at least two Military Departments operating under a single joint force commander (JFC). The JTF establishing authority designates the commander, joint task force (CJTF), assigns the mission, designates forces, delegates command authorities and relationships, and provides other command and control (C2) guidance necessary for the CJTF to form the joint force and begin operations. The appropriate authority may establish a JTF on a geographic or functional basis or a combination of the two. In either case, the establishing authority typically assigns a joint operations area (JOA) to the JTF. The size, composition, capabilities, and other attributes will vary significantly among JTFs based on the mission and various factors of the operational environment, such as the adversary, the geography of the JOA, the nature of the crisis (e.g., flood, earthquake), and the time available to accomplish the mission.
The authors examine U.S. Air Force efforts to develop a capability to carry out a Joint Task Force Headquarters (JTF HQ) mission. The findings will be relevant to anyone interested in Air Force efforts to stand up a JTF HQ.
This paper analyzes three methods of forming a joint task force headquarters (JTF Hqs). The first way is to form an ad hoc staff by tasking the personnel and equipment from several services and posts. The second technique is to augment an existing headquarters, which serves as the nucleus of the JTF Hqs, with additional personnel and equipment. The final procedure involves establishing a permanently assigned cadre who deploys with their own equipment. To determine which method is better this paper examines lessons learned from several recent case studies, requirements for JTF Hqs in the joint doctrine, and the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods to organize a JTF Hqs. The conclusion of this study is that it is definitely better to establish a permanent standing JTF Hqs.
This paper analyzes three methods of forming a joint task force headquarters (JTF Hqs). The first way is to form an ad hoc staff by tasking the personnel and equipment from several services and posts. The second technique is to augment an existing headquarters, which serves as the nucleus of the JTF Hqs, with additional personnel and equipment. The final procedure involves establishing a permanently assigned cadre who deploys with their own equipment. To determine which method is better this paper examines lessons learned from several recent case studies, requirements for JTF Hqs in the joint doctrine, and the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods to organize a JTF Hqs. The conclusion of this study is that it is definitely better to establish a permanent standing JTF Hqs.
"When appropriate, the U.S. Air Force needs to be prepared to supply joint task force (JTF) headquarters. If the U.S. Air Force takes the steps necessary to produce JTF-capable units, both the service and the nation would benefit. The authors consider the nature of JTF command, survey command-related developments in other services and in other elements of the defense community, and examine four JTF operations. They raise issues for the Air Force to consider and offer a set of recommendations aimed at enhancing the Air Force's ability to staff and run JTF headquarters."--Provided by publisher.
A joint task force (JTF) is established when the scope, complexity, or other factors of the contingency or crisis require capabilities of Services from at least two Military Departments operating under a single joint force commander (JFC). The JTF establishing authority designates the commander, joint task force (CJTF), assigns the mission, designates forces, delegates command authorities and relationships, and provides other command and control (C2) guidance necessary for the CJTF to form the joint force and begin operations. The appropriate authority may establish a JTF on a geographic or functional basis or a combination of the two. In either case, the establishing authority typically assigns a joint operations area (JOA) to the JTF. The size, composition, capabilities, and other attributes will vary significantly among JTFs based on the mission and various factors of the operational environment, such as the adversary, the geography of the JO A, the nature of the crisis (e.g., flood, earthquake), and the time available to accomplish the mission. Joint functions are related capabilities and activities grouped together to help the JFC and component commanders integrate, synchronize, and direct joint operations. Functions that are common to joint operations at all levels of war fall into six basic groups: C2, intelligence, fires, movement and maneuver, protection, and sustainment. The Basic Element of the JTF Staff is the Directorate. Typically, these are the manpower and personnel directorate of a joint staff (J-1), intelligence directorate of a joint staff (J-2), operations directorate of a joint staff (J-3), logistics directorate of a joint staff (J-4), plans directorate of a joint staff (J-5), and communications system directorate of a joint staff (J-6). The CJTF, joint force staff, and components may operate with m any interorganizational partners throughout the course of a single operation. The nature of interaction and considerations (type, authorities, protocols, etc.) vary with each potential partner. This publication provides joint doctrine for the formation and employment of a JTF HQ to C2 joint operations. It provides guidance on the role of the JTF HQ in planning, preparing, executing, and assessing JTF operations.
The Standing Joint Task Force (SJTF) headquarters concept in the 2001 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) was an attempt to prepare for the future by establishing permanent SJTF headquarters to meet the demands of the strategic operational environment and to strengthen joint operations. The purpose of this research project is to determine if the SJTF headquarters concept is the first step in transforming U.S. Cold War organizations. The research approach focuses on the strategic-operational environment, joint doctrine, joint culture, and JTF lessons. The conclusions and recommendations focus on JTF headquarters efficiency, they do not focus on success or failure. The essence is to determine if the SJTF headquarters is more efficient than other JTF headquarters options. During crises, the geographic commander in chief (CINC) may decide to establish a JTF headquarters using one of three available options: form an ad hoc headquarters, augment a subordinate service component headquarters, or use an existing standing JTF headquarters. The SJTF headquarters has the best potential to be the CINC's most efficient JTF headquarters option. SJTF experiences (service interaction in joint-interagency-coalition environments) will forge joint culture over time in the form of new beliefs, traditions, and values. Jointness is synonymous with culture and culture is synonymous with experience. The SJTF headquarters offers the promise of positive experiences to reinforce change to achieve more efficient joint-interagency-coalition operations. The SJTF offers an opportunity to transform the way the U.S. Armed Forces employs the unique contributions of the individual services from distinct instruments playing simultaneously to a joint symphony. The SJTF is better suited than other JTF headquarters options to integrate the individual service capabilities to create synergism. Nonetheless, the joint symphony is just an intermediate objective in the effort to achieve national unified action.
The purpose of the Joint Task Force Headquarters Master Training Guide (JTF HQ MTG) is to provide a descriptive, performance-oriented training guide to assist leaders in training their units. It also serves as a guide for the JTF Headquarters in actual operations. It is a primary source for information, in outline form, to guide training and operations of a JTF HQ. The JTF HQ MTG assists with the following: a. Planning for JTF HQ Training/Operations. b. Conducting JTF HQ Training/Operations. c. Assessing JTF HQ performance in Training/Operations. Note: Some of these tasks may also be accomplished by other joint force headquarters, e.g., combatant commands or joint functional component commands, responsible for carrying out operational level tasks in a given mission.