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The Book of Isaiah describes an Israelite group called the "servants," who suffered for their righteousness and were promised vindication. This collection of essays shows how the Isaian "servants" texts were used by early Jewish and Christian readers to shape their own community identity. It includes analyses of Psalms 22, 69, and 102, Daniel, Wisdom of Solomon, Mark, Luke and Acts, Romans, 2 Corinthians, Philippians, 1 Peter, Revelation, and Targum Jonathan on Isaiah, as well as investigations into the relationship between exegesis and identity formation and into how the Isaian Servant(s) are presented within the framework of Israel's history.
Translated by Daniel P. Bailey The Servant Song of Isaiah 53 has been highly significant in both Jewish and Christian thought. Rarely, however, has it been explored from the broad range of perspectives represented in this long-awaited volume. In "The Suffering Servant ten talented biblical interpreters trace the influence of the Servant Song text through the centuries, unpacking the theological meanings of this rich passage of scripture and its uses in various religious contexts. Chapters examine in depth Isaiah 52:13-53:12 in the Hebrew original and in later writings, including pre-Christian Jewish literature, the New Testament, the Isaiah Targum, the early church fathers, and a sixteenth-century rabbinic document informed by Jewish-Christian dialogue. Contributors: Jostein Adna Daniel P. Bailey Gerlinde Feine Martin Hengel Hans-Jurgen Hermisson Otfried Hofius Wolfgang Hullstrung Bernd Janowski Christoph Markschies Stefan Schreiner Hermann Spieckermann Peter Stuhlmacher
Who is the servant of Isaiah 52:13-53:12? Answering this question is what this study is all about. Through the centuries countless commentaries have been written, tracts have been distributed, debates have raged over the identification of the servant in this passage. Here we investigate the evidence presented over the last 2000 thousand years for the two leading candidates for this role of servant of the Lord. The two are Jesus and the Jewish people. Christians see in this passage the literal fulfillment by Jesus of all it contains. Jews see it in its plain meaning as a historical overview of Jewish history and the suffering to be endured by the nation of Israel until the final redemption. Source materials used by opposing sides in discussing this passage are thoroughly reviewed. In particular, each verse in the passage is studied in depth. But, the purpose of this volume is not simply to have an intellectual discussion of the issues involved. Its intent is to make it an unavoidable issue for Christians that there are very real disqualifications of Jesus from being the suffering servant and to identify the subject of the servant passage as none other than the nation of Israel. Furthermore, we seek to educate Jews so they do not fall prey to those who would have them believe Jesus is the Messiah.
Written as only a dedicated missionary to the Israelites could write it, this is a penetrating analysis of the Son of God as a servant as is pictured in Isaiah 53. Author Baron is acknowledged as an authority on the history of Israel and on the writings of the Old Testament. His exposition of Isaiah 53 is broken down as follows: Part I - Critical Examination of the Non-Messianic Interpretations of Isaiah 53 Part II - The Exposition A. Jehovah's Introduction of His Servant B. Israel's Penitential Confession C. The Resurrection and Future Glory of the Servant of Jehovah D. Jehovah's Final Word Concerning the Servant - the Glorious award for His Sufferings Appendix - The Suffering Messiah of the Synagogue 'The Servant of Jehovah' will prove invaluable not only for devotional reading but also as source material on the death and resurrection of Christ for ministers, Bible students, Sunday school teachers and other Christian laity.
Isaiah 53 has been regarded as a difficult passage within the Hebrew Bible because it describes a person who had to suffer and die vicariously in order to atone for the sins of others. Such a view is in strong contrast to the covenant theology which predominates in the Hebrew Bible and lays the foundation for the principle of retribution: Everyone must bear the consequences of his sins. It is for this reason that Klaus Koch called Isaiah 53 the "erratic block" in the Hebrew Bible. This study, the fruit of international co-operation in the network Rewritten Bible (established in 2006), consists of eleven articles on early interpretations of Isaiah 53 which is the central text in Jewish-Christian encounters through centuries. The articles are written so that they can be read independently. Nevertheless they all are interconnected and, therefore, an introduction and conclusions are included in the volume.
Did Jesus of Nazareth live and die without the teaching about the righteous Servant of the Lord in Isaiah 53 having exerted any significant influence on his ministry? Did the use of Isaiah 53 to interpret his mission actually begin with Jesus?
When the risen Lord explained Isaiah 53 to his Emmaus Road disciples, their hearts burned within them; and his disciples today who read Professor MacLeod's explanation of this priceless text will have their hearts rekindled. David MacLeod is heir to the ages of study on this princely text. And now he has lavished the Church with a splendid exposition of it that is rich in content and felicitous in style. Those who hunger for the Word of God and those who thirst for the Gospel will be filled. Not all will agree with all of MacLeod's interpretations, such as his understanding of healing and the atonement, but all will profit from his research. --Bruce K. Waltke, Professor Emeritus of Biblical Studies, Regent College Among the 100 or more books now in print devoted to the key chapter of Isaiah 53, this work is outstanding. It is scholarly and reverent; devotional and evangelistic. It is a stout defense of the prophecy of Jesus as the suffering servant. The exposition deals with the theological issues and provides illustrations for the reader. Each page has footnotes (810 in all) These provide grammatical, lexical, and interpretive support for the exposition. Alternative views are reviewed. Five appendices cover Jewish views, Handel's Messiah and other hymnody, and issues concerning the atonement. The Hebrew text is printed and transliterated as well as translated. Major Christian scholars' expositions and commentaries are regularly cited including leading figures of Church history. For your devotions, your apologetics and your teaching, this is the book to own. Buy one for your pastor. --Edwin A. Blum, General Editor, Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB) Isaiah 53 is one of the most magnificent chapters in the Bible. But because it is so detailed and profound, expositors need as much help as they can get to understand and explain the text. David MacLeod has provided such an indispensable work. It will be clear to any reader that this book represents a lifetime of careful research in the text that has been refined through regular teaching and preaching. For those who want to understand this Servant Song, every expression and every statement, but may not have the time or the tools to do it, this work will be a rich and rewarding addition to their libraries. --Allen P. Ross, Professor of Divinity, Beeson Divinity School David MacLeod has written a remarkably helpful and thorough exposition of Isaiah 52:13-53:12, one of the most amazing and important biblical prophecies of the Messiah Jesus. From the carefully researched details of each verse to the valuable appendices of related topics at the end of the book, Dr. MacLeod relates the theological significance and apologetic value of this crucial passage. Most importantly, he demonstrates, in the words of F. B. Meyer, ""There is only one brow upon which this crown of thorns will fit,"" namely, Yeshua (Jesus) of Nazareth, the Messiah of Israel and the world. --Michael Rydelnik, Professor of Jewish Studies and Bible, Moody Bible Institute The Suffering Servant of the Lord is both a study of messianic prophecy and a unique portrait of our Lord Jesus Christ. Dr. David MacLeod has produced an outstanding biblical and theological exposition. His gifts and commitment shine through. This is a book for your life, your ministry, and your library. --Barry R. Leventhal, Distinguished Senior Professor and Director of the Graduate School of Church Ministry and Missions, Southern Evangelical Seminary David MacLeod was born in Sydney on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, Canada. At the age of eleven he moved with his family to Massachusetts. Five years later he was converted to faith in Jesus Christ. After graduating from Worcester State University (B.S.Ed. 1965]), he received his theological education at Dallas Theological Seminary (Th.M. 1969], Ph.D. 1987]). He has taught at Western Bible College (now Colorado Christian University) and Dallas Theological Seminary. Since 1983 he has taught