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Irrigation is the dominant consumer of fresh water world-wide, accounting for as much as 80% of use in many water-short countries. Two issues dominate the problems in water resources management generally, and especially the management of irrigation systems: scarcity of water to meet competing demands, and scarcity of funds to finance operation, maintenance and renewal of existing facilities. Various international conferences, donor policies and academic papers have pointed to the contribution that appropriate irrigation service charging systems can make to both problems. This book is unique in that it connects policy objectives in water pricing with the practicalities of a setting up an irrigation water charging systems. It discusses the different types of water charging systems as well as the basis for quantifying and calculating the charges in the real world. Based on practical experiences in a range of countries , it also looks at possibilities for cost rationalizations and developing a broad range of revenue streams. The book concludes with a systematic explanation on how to design an irrigation water charging system - looking at assessment, billing and improving collection performance.
The Water and Power Resources Service (WPRS) is responsible for most Federal irrigation projects and charges beneficiaries for the use of water. GAO reviewed several WPRS projects under construction to determine: (1) what charges will be made for the water; (2) to what extent the charges will cover the costs to the Federal Government for providing the water; and (3) whether farmers could pay more for the water without impairing their operations or seriously damaging their profits. Legislation originally stipulated that the charges for Federal water should return all the costs of building the irrigation projects; however, subsequent laws have not required certain beneficiaries to repay their share in full. WPRS fixes a price for its irrigation water according to the farmer's ability to pay for the water, which is the amount left over from an average farmer's gross income after deducting all production costs. This amount is much less than the Federal Government's cost of producing the water. A GAO economic analysis indicated that charging full cost for the water at a 7.5 percent interest level would be too expensive for farmers to afford Federal water. GAO found that charging a full-cost price without the interest charge, called the interest-subsidy price, would lower the cost of irrigated agriculture and increase yield enough so that farmers could probably increase their net income by buying Federal water.
Introduction; Mexican agricultural policy; Irrigated agriculture; Results of the transfer program; Future transfer issues; Conclusions.
Irrigation management transfer (IMT) means the relocation of responsibility and authority for irrigation management from government agencies to non-governmental organizations, such as water user's associations. It is a widespread process that is taking place in more than 40 countries. These guidelines have been written to assist policy-makers, planners, technical experts, farmers' representatives and others involved in IMT programmes to design and implement an effective comprehensive and sustainable reform.