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The AQUASTAT programme was established to develop a comprehensive picture of water resources and irrigation in developing countries, and to give systematic, up-to-date and reliable information on water for agriculture and development. This report sets out an analysis of water availability and its use on the African continent and changes that have occurred over the last decade, with an emphasis on agricultural water use and management. The report includes a CD-ROM with detailed profiles on the situation in each of the 53 countries in Africa.
Water Management in Africa and the Middle East: Challenges and Opportunities
Conference papers on obstacles to, and problem-solving in, irrigation in tropical zones of Africa - covers soil surveys and human resources planning, fuelwood needs and activities of Hausa rural women; examines land tenure issues, labour demand, and origins of low agricultural production in certain irrigation schemes; analyses farmer behaviour in response to irrigation; discusses training needs. Diagrams, graphs, references, statistical tables. Conference held in Cambridge 1983 Mar 24 to 25.
Rainfed agriculture is generally overlooked by development investors, researchers and policy makers due to limited confidence in its ability to increase agricultural production and development. However, research undertaken by a team of leading scientists from global organizations demonstrates its potential in achieving food security, improving livelihoods and most importantly addressing issues of equity and poverty reduction in dryland areas - the hot spots of poverty. On the basis of case studies from varied agricultural and ecological regions in Asia and Africa, chapters discuss the need for adopting new paradigms between rainfed and irrigated agriculture, catchment/micro-watershed management approaches, upgrades in science-based development and more investments in rainfed areas. Yield gaps for major rainfed crops are analysed globally and possible ways and means including technological, social, and institutional options to bridge the yield gaps are discussed in detail. Covering areas such as rainwater harvesting and its efficient use, the rehabilitation of degraded land and assessment methods for social, environmental and economic impacts, this book will be necessary for both academics and policy makers working in water management, agriculture and sustainable development.
This framework presents ten interrelated principles/elements to guide Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization in Africa (SAMA). Further, it presents the technical issues to be considered under SAMA and the options to be analysed at the country and sub regional levels. The ten key elements required in a framework for SAMA are as follows: The analysis in the framework calls for a specific approach, involving learning from other parts of the world where significant transformation of the agricultural mechanization sector has already occurred within a three-to-four decade time frame, and developing policies and programmes to realize Africa’s aspirations of Zero Hunger by 2025. This approach entails the identification and prioritization of relevant and interrelated elements to help countries develop strategies and practical development plans that create synergies in line with their agricultural transformation plans. Given the unique characteristics of each country and the diverse needs of Africa due to the ecological heterogeneity and the wide range of farm sizes, the framework avoids being prescriptive.
This open access book discusses the current role of smallholders in connection with food security and poverty reduction in developing countries. It addresses the opportunities they enjoy, and the constraints they face, by analysing the availability, access to and utilization of production factors. Due to the relevance of smallholder farms, enhancing their production capacities and economic and social resilience could produce positive impacts on food security and nutrition at a number of levels. In addition to the role of small farmers as food suppliers, the book considers their role as consumers and their level of nutrition security. It investigates the link between agriculture and nutrition in order to better understand how agriculture affects human health and dietary patterns. Given the importance of smallholdings, strategies to increase their productivity are essential to improving food and nutrition security, as well as food diversity.
"This volume is the fourth and final volume resulting from a focused programme of research and intensive group discussion of a wide range of topics related to the archaeological (and to a lesser extent, historical and anthropological/ethnographic) analysis of ancient societies in and around the Sahara, from the first millennium BC to the mid-second millennium AD. While the focus of the present volume is technology, there will inevitably be discussion of cross-overs and contrasts with the main conclusions from earlier volumes in the series. As explained in the Preface above, the Trans-SAHARA project evolved out of a long-term programme of fieldwork on an ancient people of the Libyan Sahara. Just as they occupied a significant nodal location in the Sahara, the Garamantes are at the centre of this volume, but the scope of debate here extends way beyond the history of a single group. Connections and barriers within the Trans-Saharan region (and the interrelationship between these two aspects) form one focus. In this introduction we present an overview of crucial themes and considerations which cross-cut all or many of the contributions."--
The AQUASTAT Programme was initiated with a view to presenting a comprehensive picture of water resources and irrigation in the countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean and providing systematic, up-to-date and reliable information on water for agriculture and rural development. This report presents the results of the most recent survey carried out in the 22 countries of the Southern and Eastern Asia region, and it analyzes the changes that have occurred in the ten years since the first survey. Following the AQUASTAT methodology, the survey relied as much as possible on country-based statistics and information.
The AQUASTAT programme has been initiated with the view of presenting a comprehensive picture of water resources and irrigation in developing countries. This report presents the results of a survey of the Near East Region taken in 1995 and 1996. The survey relied mostly on country-based statistics and information contained in sector studies and master plans. A general summary presents a regional analysis of water resources and irrigation in the Near East Region, and 29 profiles describe the situation in each country in more detail.