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Professor States provides nothing less than a new theory of the drama based upon the principles of irony and dialectic. Very close in approach to the Continental structuralists, he treats irony, not as a literary device or as an attitude in the mind of the playgoer, but as a means of confronting reality—a way of testing and resolving conflicting ideas. Pointing out the limitations of conventional categories such as comedy, tragedy, and tragicomedy, he views drama instead as a vehicle for perceiving and ordering the possibilities of human experience. After setting forth his thesis boldly and persuasively, Professor States explores other mod es such as the epic and the lyric and shows how they interact with the dramatic principle. He manages to cover, in a minimum amount of space, the entire range of dramatic styles and periods, placing special emphasis on playwrights of universal appeal like Sophocles, Shakespeare, Chekhov, Ibsen, Shaw, and Beckett.
Irony and theatre share intimate kinships, not only regarding dramatic conflict, dialectic or wittiness, but also scenic structure and the verbal or situational ironies that typically mark theatrical speech and action. Yet irony today, in aesthetic, literary and philosophical contexts especially, is often regarded with skepticism - as ungraspable, or elusive to the point of confounding. Countering this tendency, William Storm advocates a wide-angle view of this master trope, exploring the ironic in major works by playwrights including Chekhov, Pirandello and Brecht, and in notable relation to well-known representative characters in drama from Ibsen's Halvard Solness to Stoppard's Septimus Hodge and Wasserstein's Heidi Holland. To the degree that irony is existential, its presence in the theatre relates directly to the circumstances and the expressiveness of the characters on stage. This study investigates how these key figures enact, embody, represent and personify the ironic in myriad situations in the modern and contemporary theatre.
Manfred Pfister's book is the first to provide a coherent comprehensive framework for the analysis of plays in all their dramatic and theatrical dimensions. The material on which his analysis is based covers all genres and periods. His approach is systematic rather than historical, combining more abstract categorisations with detailed interpretations of sample texts.
Irony can provide a means to communication, catharsis, and freedom that a person needs in order to survive in a world of permanent chaos and oppression. Ironic Samuel Beckett offers an unorthodox look at Waiting for Godot, Endgame, and Happy Days from the perspective of irony. This analysis questions the notion the Beckett's "theater of the absurd" is essentially circular or based on nothingness, and invites the reader to reconsider established notions about Beckett and his work.
When studying irony in the Gospel of John, scholars have largely relied on modern literary theories and anachronistic interpretive tools. In this book, Dr. Tat Yan Lee pushes beyond contemporary interpretations to examine the literary context of the Gospel’s original audience. Utilizing Aristotle’s Poetics and drawing parallels between John’s Gospel and ancient Greek tragedy, Dr. Lee offers a fresh perspective on the role of dramatic irony within the text. His exploration of Aristotelian theory highlights the significance of emotion as an intended by-product of ancient drama and provides a critical method for establishing plausible early readings of the Gospel and its dramatic devices. Offering present-day readers a chance to encounter John’s Gospel through ancient eyes, this book holds valuable insight for Johannine scholars, classicists, students of literary theory, and all those desiring greater insight into the gospel and its impact.
"The Gift of the Magi" is a short story by O. Henry first published in 1905. The story tells of a young husband and wife and how they deal with the challenge of buying secret Christmas gifts for each other with very little money. As a sentimental story with a moral lesson about gift-giving, it has been popular for adaptation, especially for presentation at Christmas time.
After enduring many injuries of the noble Fortunato, Montressor executes the perfect revenge.
Perhaps no other critical label has been made to cover more ground than "irony," and in our time irony has come to have so many meanings that by itself it means almost nothing. In this work, Wayne C. Booth cuts through the resulting confusions by analyzing how we manage to share quite specific ironies—and why we often fail when we try to do so. How does a reader or listener recognize the kind of statement which requires him to reject its "clear" and "obvious" meaning? And how does any reader know where to stop, once he has embarked on the hazardous and exhilarating path of rejecting "what the words say" and reconstructing "what the author means"? In the first and longer part of his work, Booth deals with the workings of what he calls "stable irony," irony with a clear rhetorical intent. He then turns to intended instabilities—ironies that resist interpretation and finally lead to the "infinite absolute negativities" that have obsessed criticism since the Romantic period. Professor Booth is always ironically aware that no one can fathom the unfathomable. But by looking closely at unstable ironists like Samuel Becket, he shows that at least some of our commonplaces about meaninglessness require revision. Finally, he explores—with the help of Plato—the wry paradoxes that threaten any uncompromising assertion that all assertion can be undermined by the spirit of irony.
Irony is a rhetorical and literary device for revealing what is hidden behind what is seen. This book provides a history of different definitions of irony, from Aristophanes to Booth; discusses the constitutive formal elements of irony and the functions of irony; and then studies particular aspects of the Matthean Passion Narrative.